Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40322517›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of sports physical therapy2025

Using Biomechanical Devices in Elite Baseball Pitchers: A Preliminary Feasibility Study.

Chelsea L Martin, Kelly R Evenson, Justin B Moore, Stephen Marshall, Jakob Wolf, Garrett Fernandez, Kristen Nicholson, Franco Impellizzeri, Patrick Ward, Ian Shrier and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of sports physical therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Chelsea L MartinEpidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Kelly R EvensonEpidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Justin B MooreImplementation Science Wake Forest University.
Stephen MarshallEpidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Jakob WolfOrthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University.
Garrett FernandezOrthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University.
Kristen NicholsonOrthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Wake Forest University.
Franco ImpellizzeriSchool of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation University of Technology Sydney.
Patrick WardSeattle Seahawks.
Ian ShrierCentre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute McGill University.
Nathan O'ConnellDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science Wake Forest University.
Charles ThigpenATI Physical Therapy.
Ellen ShanleyATI Physical Therapy.
Daniel KlineATI Physical Therapy.
Matthew HartshorneHuman Movement Science Curriculum University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Garrett BullockDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Wake Forest University.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Baseball clinicians, coaches, and players have sought to leverage biomechanical devices to inform training and prevent injury. However, discerning feasibility is sparse for novel biomechanical devices to inform adoption of these technologies. The objective of this study was to investigate the uptake (i.e., proportion of initial use) and adherence (i.e., proportion of continued use) of wearable and portable biomechanical devices among collegiate baseball pitchers during a single summer training season. Methods: Uptake, adherence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for a commercially available biomechanical pitching sleeve during practice, and use of a force plate during a countermovement jump task for a minimum of one time per week per the established protocol. Potential non-response bias analyses were assessed descriptively by comparing medical history, clinical measures, and pitching patterns among athletes that continued and discontinued using the biomechanical devices. Results: Twenty-two pitchers participated. The uptake for initiating force plate use was 0.32 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.55); uptake for the pitching sleeve was 0.55 (0.32, 0.76). Adherence for force plate use was 0.46 (0.31, 0.70), compared to 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) for the pitch sleeve. Potential non-response bias analysis revealed pitchers with no previous upper extremity injury in the prior season (n=14) were more likely to use the pitching sleeve beyond the first session (43%) than those who had reported a previous season UE injury at study baseline (13%). Conclusions: Variable uptake and adherence was observed across devices and players. Addressing barriers/facilitators to increase uptake and adherence is necessary to inform future studies on the effect of these devices on preventing injury using training load, kinetic, and kinematic data monitoring.

Indexed as

baseball pitchersbiomechanical devicesfeasibility researchtraining monitoringupper extremity injury

Identifiers

PMID40322517
PMCPMC12048362

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.