ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2025
Correlation between the severity of COVID-19 infection and the presence of oropharyngeal candidiasis: a cross-sectional study in Al-Diwaniyah Hospital, Iraq.
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: oropharyngeal candidiasis, commonly known as oral thrush, is a fungal infection caused by candida species, especially Candida albicans. With the onset of COVID-19, concerns have arisen about a possible link between the severity of COVID-19 infections and the presence of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients. The aim to study the frequency of oropharyngeal candidiasis in COVID-19 patients and identify associated risk factors. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 100 COVID-19 patients was conducted at Al-Diwaniyah Hospital in Iraq. Samples were collected using blood tests and oropharyngeal tampons to diagnose oropharyngeal candidiasis. The mean age of the study population was 55.3 years (SD±12.4), with 60% male and 40% female. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 22, focusing on the correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and the occurrence of candidiasis. Results: among the 100 patients, 30 (30%) were diagnosed with oropharyngeal candidiasis. In patients with severe COVID-19 (45%) symptoms, the prevalence was significantly higher than in patients with mild (15%) and moderate (25%) symptoms (p=0.002). In addition, patients with candidiasis (CRP: 12.5 mg/l) had significantly higher mean levels of C-reactive protein (CRP: 12.5 mg/l) than patients without candidiasis (CRP: 6.8 mg/l, p < 0.001). Other risk factors identified included long-term hospitalization (mean duration of patients with candidiasis 12 days vs. 7 days without patients, p=0.005) and use of corticosteroids (70% of patients with candidiasis vs. 40% without, p=0.01). Conclusion: the results show that oropharyngeal candidiasis is common among COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe infections, with a prevalence rate of 45%. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring fungal infections in COVID-19 patients and the need for early diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes. These findings are supported by the significant differences in prevalence and inflammatory markers observed in the study.
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