Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40321810›Full record

ArticlePeerJ2025

Heart rate variability over the decades: a scoping review.

Amina Sundas, Ivan Contreras, Judith Navarro-Otano, Júlia Soler, Aleix Beneyto, Josep Vehi

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Guidelines for rigor and reproducibility of heart rate variability within human cardiovascular research.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Sleep dependent autonomic correlates of affect and arousal in younger and older adults.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Amina SundasModeling Intelligent Control Engineering Laboratory, Institut d'Informatica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Spain, Girona, Spain.
Ivan ContrerasModeling Intelligent Control Engineering Laboratory, Institut d'Informatica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Spain, Girona, Spain.
Judith Navarro-OtanoNeurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona, Spain.
Júlia SolerModeling Intelligent Control Engineering Laboratory, Institut d'Informatica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Spain, Girona, Spain.
Aleix BeneytoModeling Intelligent Control Engineering Laboratory, Institut d'Informatica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Spain, Girona, Spain.
Josep VehiModeling Intelligent Control Engineering Laboratory, Institut d'Informatica i Aplicacions, Universitat de Girona, Spain, Girona, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heart rate variability (HRV) measures the variation in the time interval between successive heartbeats, reflecting the influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on heart rate (HR) changes. This review provides an extensive overview of HRV measurement techniques, their applications, and their limitations in healthcare, exploring their potential for prognosis and condition assessment. A scoping review was conducted, gathering literature reviews on HRV spanning the past fifty years using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Our findings identified significant research gaps, including contradictions in the literature and the absence of standardized protocols for HRV measurements, which complicate the establishment of consistent baseline values. Additionally, the lack of protocols for pulse rate variability (PRV) in the context of advanced sensor technology hinders progress in HRV research. Despite these challenges, HRV remains significant in assessing cardiac autonomic function and its potential clinical applications. However, barriers such as device unfamiliarity, data accuracy concerns, and a lack of clinical trials limit its adoption. Further research is required to elucidate the relationship between abnormal HRV and health problems and to establish consistent baseline values for advancing HRV applications.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous SystemHeart RateElectrocardiographyHumansAutonomic nervous systemECGElectrocardiogramHeart rate variabilityPhotoplethysmographyPPGWearable devices

Identifiers

PMID40321810
PMCPMC12047215

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.