Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40321806›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2025

Formulation and Characterization of

Mohamed Mahmud E Aldeeb, Gofarana Wilar, Cecep Suhandi, Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed, Ali El-Rayyes, Khaled M Elamin, Nasrul Wathoni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mohamed Mahmud E AldeebDoctoral Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0009-0007-8617-1466
Gofarana WilarDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-0904-3117
Cecep SuhandiDoctoral Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0001-7746-3271
Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab MohammedDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
Ali El-RayyesCenter for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213, Saudi Arabia.
Khaled M ElaminGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9555-1814
Nasrul WathoniDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia.ORCID 0000-0002-5985-6909

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a nanosuspension formulation of Methods: Nanosuspensions were prepared using an antisolvent technique, with Tween 80 as the stabilizing agent. The formulations were characterized by particle size analysis, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) to evaluate their stability and uniformity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed nanoparticle formation, and stability assessments were conducted over 28 days under refrigerated conditions. In vitro release studies were conducted to assess sustained drug release, and antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering efficacy were compared to those of simvastatin. Results: The NS-Sa-4:1 formulation exhibited optimal properties, including an average particle size of 12.9 nm, zeta potential of -12.5 mV, and PDI of 0.317, indicating a stable and uniform nanosuspension. TEM images revealed well-dispersed nanoparticles, and stability tests demonstrated the retention of these properties for up to 28 days. In vitro release studies showed sustained drug release, with 92.51% released within 24 h, surpassing the crude extract and other formulations. NS-Sa-4:1 also demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity and significant lipid-lowering effects compared with simvastatin. Conclusion: The nanosuspension of

Indexed as

AntioxidantsHypolipidemic AgentsNanoparticlesPlant ExtractsSonchusAnimalsDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug LiberationDrug StabilityMaleParticle SizeSimvastatinSuspensionsAntioxidantsDelayed-Action PreparationsHypolipidemic AgentsPlant ExtractsSimvastatinSuspensionsantihyperlipidemicantioxidantnanosuspensionSonchus arvensis L.

Identifiers

PMID40321806
PMCPMC12046607

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.