ArticleACS omega2025
Effects of Long-Acting Anticoagulant Rodenticides on Rabbit Plasma Extracellular Vesicles.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The locus coeruleus at the crossroads of inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum induces neuropathology in adult New Zealand White rabbits and is reduced by the bile sequestrant cholestyramine.Neurotoxicology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Environmental toxicants and physiological stressors can significantly impact the production and composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are mediators of long-distance intercellular communication. Understanding these processes is essential since EVs can exert far-reaching effects on diverse tissues and organs, including the central nervous system, by crossing the blood-brain barrier. This study investigated plasma EV dynamics in response to long-acting anticoagulant rodenticides (LAARs), warfarin analogs with long biological half-lives used to eradicate rodent infestation that also present a public health hazard. EVs were isolated from plasma samples collected from adult male New Zealand White rabbits administered a mixture of 3 potent LAARs (brodifacoum, BDF; difenacoum, DFC; and bromadiolone, BDL) using a polymer-based precipitation technique. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) revealed a time-dependent decrease in EV concentration and changes in size distribution. Cotreatment of rabbits with the bile sequestrant cholestyramine (CSA), which accelerates LAAR clearance from rabbits, reversed some effects of LAARs on the EVs. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that all 3 LAARs are associated with isolated EVs and that those levels were reduced by CSA. Application of EVs from LAAR-treated rabbits induced microglial cell death. Collectively, our findings suggest that LAARs can influence both the concentration and size distribution of circulating EVs, which in turn may facilitate the transport of LAARs throughout the body where they can have toxic effects.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.