ArticleACS omega2025
Upgrading Esterified Pyrolysis Bio-Oil through a Two-Step Process and Assessing the Performance and Emissions of Diesel-Biodiesel-Transesterified Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Blends in Diesel Engines.
Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study primarily aimed to investigate the effect of diesel-biodiesel-transesterified pyrolysis bio-oil (TPB) blends on performance and exhaust gas when used in diesel engines at various speeds and loads. The pyrolysis bio-oil (PBO) was obtained from fresh palm fruits using a pyrolysis process and then converted into biodiesel using first-step esterification, followed by second-step transesterification. The response surface methodology was used to investigate the optimal conditions for producing TPB from esterified pyrolysis bio-oil in the second step. The methyl ester (ME) purity of the TPB was optimized by varying three factors: methanol content (13.2-46.8 wt %), KOH loading (1.6-18.4 g/L), and reaction time (26-94 min). The experimental results revealed an ME purity of 74.35 wt % under the recommended conditions of 38.3 wt % methanol, 15.1 g/L KOH, and 62 min reaction time at 60 °C with a 300 rpm stirring speed. This study's workflows included observing phase behavior and evaluating the gas emissions and performance of the diesel-biodiesel-TPB blends in a diesel engine. The results presented that the 30 wt % diesel, 60 wt % biodiesel, and 10 wt % TPB blend (D30B60TPB10) achieved similar performance to that of the diesel in terms of performance under low-emission conditions. Compared with diesel, the D30B60TPB10 blend's brake-specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency rose by 7.19% and 3.88% at maximum load and engine speed, respectively, while CO
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