Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40321039›Full record

Observational studyRenal failure2025

Uremic toxins removal and iron status: a medium-term comparison between 4 dialysis techniques (EMPIRE study).

Marianna Napoli, Gaetano Alfano, Anna Scrivo, Fulvia Zappulo, Niccolò Morisi, Laura Martano, Silvia Giovanella, Marco Ferrarini, Gaetano La Manna, Gabriele Donati

Abstract readObservational StudyComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Marianna NapoliNephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Gaetano AlfanoNephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.
Anna ScrivoNephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Fulvia ZappuloNephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Niccolò MorisiSurgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Laura MartanoNephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Silvia GiovanellaSurgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Marco FerrariniSurgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences Department (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Gaetano La MannaNephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Gabriele DonatiNephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRecent evidence documented that dialyzers and hemodialytic techniques yield different dialytic performances. The study aims to compare uremic toxins removal and iron status between on-line hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF), high-flux hemodialysis (HF-HD), expanded hemodialysis (HDx), and HFR Aequilibrium (HFR-Aeq).

methodsA single-center retrospective observational study enrolled 52 patients on chronic HD. Each study group (HFR-Aeq, HDx, HF-HD, and OL-HDF) included 13 patients. Naïve patients for each of the treatments were considered. Serum samples were collected at baseline and after 12-24-48 weeks from the enrollment. Intragroup comparison was performed using Friedman's test whereas longitudinal data were compared using linear mixed models (LMMs).

resultsHDx showed a progressive improvement in the removal of urea (

conclusionsHFR-Aeq provides uremic toxins removal comparable to other traditional techniques (HF-HD, OL-HDF). HDx confirmed its superiority in the removal of uremic toxins as urea and λ FLC and surprisingly enhanced TSAT by a possible anti-inflammatory effect not ascertained in the present study. The utilization of non-optimal convective volumes likely vanishes the promising findings of OL-HDF.

Indexed as

HemodiafiltrationIronKidney Failure, ChronicRenal DialysisUremiaUremic ToxinsAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTransferrinUreaIronTransferrinUreaUremic ToxinsHDxHF-HDHFR–aequilibriumOL-HDFTSATUremic toxins

Identifiers

PMID40321039
PMCPMC12054563

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.