ReviewBrain and behavior2025
The Targets of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Treatment of Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review.
Review in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early Experiences with Robotic-assisted Implantation of Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes in Awake or Asleep Patients in Japan.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2026Article
- Physical Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Evidence Grading.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this review is to evaluate the current state and potential future directions of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), a condition that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and for which conventional treatments are often ineffective.
methodThis review synthesizes evidence from clinical trials and preclinical studies published in five years, identified through PubMed searches using keywords ("Deep Brain Stimulation" OR DBS) AND ("Treatment-Resistant Depression" OR TRD). Included studies encompassed clinical research (randomized/non-randomized trials, cohort studies) and mechanistic preclinical studies, excluding non-English publications and nonhuman experiments. Screening prioritized neuroanatomical targets (e.g., SCG, NAcc) and stimulation parameter optimization data. Examining the therapeutic mechanisms of DBS, the neuroanatomical targets utilized, and the clinical outcomes observed. It also discusses the challenges faced in DBS application and proposes potential technological advancements, such as closed-loop therapy and fiber tracking technology. FINDING: Preliminary evidence exists regarding the efficacy and safety of DBS in the treatment of TRD in the subcortical cingulate gyrus (SCG), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS), anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), and so forth. Nevertheless, the optimal stimulation target remains undetermined. The review highlights the complexity of TRD and the need for personalized treatment strategies, noting that genetic, epigenetic, and neurophysiological changes are implicated in DBS's therapeutic effects.
conclusionIn conclusion, while DBS for TRD remains an experimental therapy, it offers a unique and potentially effective treatment option for patients unresponsive to traditional treatments. The review emphasizes the need for further research to refine DBS targets and parameters, improve patient selection, and develop personalized treatment plans to enhance efficacy and safety in TRD management.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.