Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40320697›Full record

ArticleJournal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution2025

CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout of Shell Matrix Protein 1 in the Slipper-Snail Crepidula atrasolea.

Grant Batzel, Yiqun Wang, Antonia Bock, Elbereth Chen, Stephanie Neal, Rebecca N Lopez-Anido, Yoon Lee, Evan Tjeerdema, Emily Ignatoff, Tejasvi Patil and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Grant BatzelCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Yiqun WangCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Antonia BockCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Elbereth ChenCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Stephanie NealCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Rebecca N Lopez-AnidoCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Yoon LeeCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Evan TjeerdemaCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Emily IgnatoffCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Tejasvi PatilCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Gabriela RamirezCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Maryna P LesowayCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Amro HamdounCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Deirdre C LyonsCenter for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.C. San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Funding

Building a gene regulatory network-based model for cell fate specification and morphogenesis using a new mollusc model.R35GM133673 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LYONS, DEIRDRE C · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
Development of foundational building blocks for stable genetic modification of sea urchin embryosR21OD034075 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI HAMDOUN, AMRO M · 2023 to 2024
$435k
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM133673NIH HHS R21 OD034075This study was supported by grants to D.C.L. from the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award (1943606) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Maximizing Investigators' Research Award (MIRA) (R35GM133673). Additional funding from the National Institutes of Health (OD034075) to A.H.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the course of hundreds of millions of years, biomineralization has evolved independently many times across all kingdoms of life. Among animals, the phylum Mollusca displays a remarkable diversity in biomineral structures, particularly the molluscan shell, which varies greatly in shape, size, pigmentation, and patterning. Shell matrix proteins (SMPs) are key components of these shells, and are thought to drive the precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals and influence shell morphology. However, this structure-function relationship has rarely been studied directly because tools for knocking out genes did not exist in molluscs until recently. In this study, we report the first successful use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to target an SMP in gastropod molluscs. Using the emerging model gastropod Crepidula atrasolea, we generated knockouts of the SMP1 gene. Successful gene editing was confirmed by Sanger and MiSeq sequencing, and loss of SMP1 expression was validated through high-content imaging of crispant embryos. This study establishes C. atrasolea as a valuable model for investigating the genetic basis of shell formation and provides a framework for applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology in other molluscan species. Our approach will enable future studies to thoroughly test the role of SMPs in shaping the diverse array of molluscan shell structures.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsSnailsAnimalsAnimal ShellsGastropodaGene EditingGene Knockout TechniquesCRISPR/Cas9molluscashell glandshell matrix proteinSMP1Spiralia

Identifiers

PMID40320697
PMCPMC12277549

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.