Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40319305›Full record

ArticleGut pathogens2025

Transmission pathways of Campylobacter jejuni between humans and livestock in rural Ethiopia are highly complex and interdependent.

Nitya Singh, Cecilie A N Thystrup, Bahar Mummed Hassen, Menuka Bhandari, Gireesh Rajashekara, Tine M Hald, Mark J Manary, Sarah L McKune, Jemal Yusuf Hassen, Helen L Smith and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Gut pathogens, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Nitya Singh *Department of Animal Sciences, Global Food Systems Institute, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Cecilie A N Thystrup *National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Bahar Mummed HassenCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
Menuka BhandariDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Gireesh RajashekaraDepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
Tine M HaldNational Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Mark J ManaryDepartment of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Sarah L McKuneDepartment of Environmental and Global Health, Center for African Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Jemal Yusuf HassenOffice of Research Affairs, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
Helen L SmithOffice of Research Affairs, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.
Jonathan C MarshallSchool of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Nigel P FrenchSchool of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Arie H HavelaarDepartment of Animal Sciences, Global Food Systems Institute, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. ariehavelaar@ufl.edu.
CAGED Research Team Members consisted of

Funding

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP#1175487United States Agency for International Development OPP#1175487Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCampylobacter jejuni and C. coli are the most common causes of bacterial enteritis worldwide whereas symptomatic and asymptomatic infections are associated with stunting in children in low- and middle-income countries. Little is known about their sources and transmission pathways in low- and middle-income countries, and particularly for infants and young children. We assessed the genomic diversity of C. jejuni in Eastern Ethiopia to determine the attribution of infections in infants under 1 year of age to livestock (chickens, cattle, goats and sheep) and other humans (siblings, mothers).

resultsAmong 287 C. jejuni isolates, 48 seven-gene sequence types (STs), including 11 previously unreported STs were identified. Within an ST, the core genome STs of multiple isolates differed in fewer than five alleles. Many of these isolates do not belong to the most common STs reported in high-resource settings, and of the six most common global STs, only ST50 was found in our study area. Isolates from the same infant sample were closely related, while those from consecutive infant samples often displayed different STs, suggesting rapid clearance and new infection. Four different attribution models using different genomic profiling methods, assumptions and estimation methods predicted that chickens are the primary reservoir for infant infections. Infections from chickens are transmitted with or without other humans (mothers, siblings) as intermediate sources. Model predictions differed in terms of the relative importance of cattle versus small ruminants as additional sources.

conclusionsThe transmission pathways of C. jejuni in our study area are highly complex and interdependent. While chickens are the most important reservoir of C. jejuni, ruminant reservoirs also contribute to the infections. The currently nonculturable species Candidatus C. infans is also highly prevalent in infants and is likely anthroponotic. Efforts to reduce the colonization of infants with Campylobacter and ultimately stunting in low-resource settings are best aimed at protecting proximate sources such as caretakers' hands, food and indoor soil through tight integration of the currently siloed domains of nutrition, food safety and water, sanitation and hygiene.

Indexed as

AttributionCampylobacter jejuniDiversityPersistenceSequencing typingSpatial distributionTransmission pathwaysZoonosis

Identifiers

PMID40319305
PMCPMC12049777

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.