Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40319124›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Relationship and personality factors predict longitudinal changes in dream content.

John Balch, Rachel Raider, Chanel Reed, Patrick McNamara

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

John BalchDepartment of Psychology, National University, 9388 Lightwave Ave., San Diego, CA, 92123, USA. jbalch@bu.edu.
Rachel RaiderDepartment of Psychology, National University, 9388 Lightwave Ave., San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
Chanel ReedDepartment of Psychology, National University, 9388 Lightwave Ave., San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
Patrick McNamaraDepartment of Psychology, National University, 9388 Lightwave Ave., San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.

Funding

John Templeton Foundation 62034
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Researchers have established that dreams are intensely social and populated by diverse characters, including important figures from the dreamer's daily life. This study examines the types of characters that appeared in participant dreams over two weeks. We found that the majority of dreams include strangers in addition to known individuals, and that personality measures impact the likelihood of dreaming about different types of people. Appearance of known individuals from daily life in dreams was assessed by comparing dream reports to the core support networks of participants and daily diaries. We found that relationship-specific variables and daily interaction were important predictors of the likelihood of support network dream appearances. While daily interaction generally increases the likelihood of dream appearances, this effect is reversed for important family members like parents or siblings, indicating that dreams may play a compensatory role in maintaining relationships with close others when they are not present.

Indexed as

DreamsInterpersonal RelationsPersonalityAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40319124
PMCPMC12049429

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.