Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40317438›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2025

Burden of Parkinson's disease in Iran: disparities, trends, and the impact of social development indicators.

Mohammad Sarmadi, Mina Rezaei, Mohsen Poursadeghiyan, Mohammadreza Soltaninejad, Sadegh Moradi, Milad Ahangarzadeh, Morteza Zaboli Mahdiabadi, Sajjad Rahimi

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Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mohammad Sarmadi *Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
Mina Rezaei *School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Mohsen PoursadeghiyanSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Mohammadreza SoltaninejadDepartment of Psychology, Emergency Medical Association of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran.
Sadegh MoradiDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Milad AhangarzadehDepartment of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Morteza Zaboli MahdiabadiStudent Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Sajjad RahimiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran. rahimis1@thums.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-7001

Funding

Khomain University of Medical Sciences 402000022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its provincial trends in Iran remain unknown. Herein, we explore PD data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study nationally and provincially from 1990 to 2021.

methodsWe used age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), and mortality (ASMR) rates to determine disparities and trends overall and by sex, age, and geographic locations. Univariate analysis and regression were performed to scrutinize the mean differences and associations between socioeconomic factors and different PD outcomes.

resultsThe ASIR and ASPR of PD increased by 23.1% and 33.2%, respectively, from 1990 to 2021, with estimated total percentage change (TPC) of 0.50 (95%CU: 0.58-0.43) and 0.30 (0.37-0.24), respectively. In 2021, East Azarbayejan had the highest ASIR and ASPR. From 1999 to 2021, the ASMR decreased significantly across individuals aged below 85 years nationally. Overall, 71.0% provinces experienced a downward trend in the ASMR, with the highest decrease in the TPC (-0.21,-0.37-0.01) occurring in Markazi. Significant differences in the PD outcomes between males and females were noted (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive association between the ASPR and the human development index (HDI), urbanization rate, and annual income per rural households.

conclusionFrom 1999 to 2021, the incidence and prevalence of PD in Iran and its provinces increased significantly regardless of age and sex classification. Intervention and screening programs should continue to reduce mortality from PD in Iran, but with different priorities between provinces.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessHealth Status DisparitiesParkinson DiseaseAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansIncidenceIranMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSocioeconomic FactorsDisease burdenGBD studyHDINeurological disorderParkinson diseaseSocioeconomic factors

Identifiers

PMID40317438

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.