Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40317077›Full record

ReviewExperimental hematology & oncology2025

Targeting immune checkpoints in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: toward combination strategies with curative potential.

Jing Tong, Yongci Tan, Wenwen Ouyang, Haocai Chang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Experimental hematology & oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jing TongMOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
Yongci TanMOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
Wenwen OuyangMOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
Haocai ChangMOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. changhc@scnu.edu.cn.

Funding

Guangdong Provincial Department of Education Key Areas Special Project for Regular Higher Education Institutions 2023ZDZX2022Guangdong Provincial Department of Education Special Innovative Projects for Regular Higher Education Institutions 2022KTSCX032
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer characterized by poor immune cell infiltration and a strongly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Traditional treatments have often yielded unsatisfactory outcomes due to the insidious onset of the disease. Encouragingly, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly transformed the approach to HCC treatment. Moreover, combining ICIs with other therapies or novel materials is considered the most promising opportunity in HCC, with some of these combinations already being evaluated in large-scale clinical trials. Unfortunately, most clinical trials fail to meet their endpoints, and the few successful ones also face challenges. This indicates that the potential of ICIs in HCC treatment remains underutilized, prompting a reevaluation of this promising therapy. Therefore, this article provides a review of the role of immune checkpoints in cancer treatment, the research progress of ICIs and their combination application in the treatment of HCC, aiming to open up avenues for the development of safer and more efficient immune checkpoint-related strategies for HCC treatment.

Indexed as

Dual ICI therapyHepatocellular carcinomaICI-based combination therapyICI monotherapyImmune checkpoint inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID40317077
PMCPMC12046748

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.