ArticleBMC public health2025
Global burden and trend of substance use disorders, self-harm, and interpersonal violence from 1990 to 2021, with projection to 2040.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Definitions of community-level approaches to address substance-related harms and lessons learned: A systematic overview of reviews.American journal of community psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise Training Characteristics and Psycho-Bio-Chemical Outcomes in Individuals with Addictive Behaviours: A Scoping Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Substance involvement profiles and mental health correlates in emerging adults: a person-centred cluster analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Substance abuse and inflammation: consequences beyond the brain.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Global adolescent self-harm (10-19 years): 1990-2021 trends, health inequalities, frontier analysis, and 2035 projections using global burden of disease data.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Demographic characteristics and repeat overdose risk factors in 601 patients with intentional drug overdose in the emergency department: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Chronic Pain and Posttraumatic Stress Among Patients in Substance Use Treatment: Protocol for NOR-APT, a Longitudinal Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Observational
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Violence-Related Emergency Visits: Trend, Seasonality, and Interrupted Time-Series Analysis in Peru, 2015-2024.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Global burden and inequalities of drug use disorders from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2036.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Violence Risk Assessment in Individuals With Substance Use Disorders.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of self-harm among adolescents aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2021, temporal trends, health inequities and projection to 2041.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUD), drug use disorders (DUD), interpersonal violence, and self-harm are a major public health concern globally, with high rates of disability, morbidity, and mortality associated with this. This study aims to estimate the disease burden, trends, projections, and disparities of AUD, DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm among all ages and sexes from 1990 to 2021.
methodsThis study is a secondary analysis utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 in 204 countries and territories. The incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), projection, and the inequality were estimated for AUD, DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm among all age and sex.
resultsIn 2021, there were 55.78 (46.56-64.31) million new cases of AUD, 13.61 (11.63-15.67) million new cases of DUD, 29.40 (26.17-32.65) million new cases of interpersonal violence, 5.49 (4.6-6.5) million new cases of self-harm globally. By 2040, AUD is forecasted to be 51.98 (29-74.97) million, DUD will be 13.81 (9.23-18.39) million, 36.01 (15.25-56.78) million for interpersonal violence, and 10.55 (3.16-17.94) million for self-harm. In terms of gender and age distribution, males had higher incidence, mortality, and DALYs for AUD, DUD, and interpersonal violence compared to females. Females had higher incidence of self-harm, while males had higher mortality. By age group, individuals aged 15-49 bore the highest burden of DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm, while those aged 50-74 had the highest burden of AUD. The burden of these conditions is closely related to the socio-demographic index (SDI). High- and middle-high SDI regions had a heavier burden of AUD, DUD, and self-harm, while low- and middle-low SDI regions had a heavier burden of interpersonal violence. Additionally, from 1990 to 2021, health inequalities for AUD and self-harm decreased, while those for DUD and interpersonal violence increased.
conclusionsFrom 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of AUD, DUD, interpersonal violence, and self-harm exhibited specific patterns across different genders, age groups, and regions. Multilevel interventions should be initiated, with a focus on reducing inequalities through resource allocation and policy support.
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