Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40316955›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Associations between childhood socioeconomic characteristics, race, and risk of adverse childhood experiences in a population-based sample of US-born non-Hispanic Black and White women.

Lydia Marcus Post, J Topitzes, D Phuong Do, Young I Cho, Dorothy R Pathak, Amani Nuru-Jeter, Jamila L Kwarteng, Tyan Parker Dominguez, Ann S Hamilton, Kelly A Hirko and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Lydia Marcus PostEpidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber College of Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
J TopitzesSocial Work Department, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
D Phuong DoEpidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber College of Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Young I ChoCommunity & Behavioral Health Promotion Program, Joseph J. Zilber College of Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Dorothy R PathakDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Amani Nuru-JeterDivisions of Community Health Sciences & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California - Berkley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Jamila L KwartengDivision of Community Health, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Tyan Parker DominguezDworak-Peck School of Social Work, USC Suzanne, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ann S HamiltonDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kelly A HirkoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Ann G SchwartzDepartment of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
Ellen M VelieEpidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber College of Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA. velie@uwm.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSocioeconomically disadvantaged and racially minoritized populations bear an elevated risk of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), but few studies evaluate whether racial disparities in ACEs persist within socioeconomic strata. We examine the effect of both childhood socioeconomic characteristics and race on ACE burden.

methodsData are from a population-based sample (N = 1381) of US-born non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and White (NHW) women aged 20-49 years in Metropolitan Detroit and Los Angeles County, 2011-2014. Recalled data on ACEs aged < 13 years, childhood household socioeconomic position (chSEP) aged < 13 years, childhood neighborhood poverty rate (cNPR) aged 6 years (based on US Census tract), and covariates were collected during in-person interviews. ACEs are parameterized as an index (i.e., number of adversities, range 0-12) and as individual adversities. We estimate associations between cNPR (≥ 20%/10- < 20%/< 10%), chSEP index (low/medium/high), race (NHB/NHW), joint cNPR/race, and joint chSEP/race and ACEs using weighted logistic regression, to calculate odds ratios (OR), and using weighted zero-inflated Poisson regression, to calculate estimated ACE index.

resultsParticipants who lived in poorer neighborhoods (i.e., cNPR ≥ 20%) or households (i.e., low chSEP index) during childhood reported significantly more ACEs than participants in wealthier neighborhoods (i.e., cNPR < 10%) or households (i.e., high chSEP index). NHB vs NHW participants overall had a higher mean ACE index (3.18 vs 2.25, respectively, p < 0.05), but NHB and NHW participants who lived in poorer neighborhoods or households had a similarly elevated ACE burden (e.g., estimated ACE index for low chSEP was 3.63 [95%CI 1.19-4.97] and 4.16 [95%CI 3.68-4.65], respectively). NHB participants experienced significant discrimination at all levels of cNPR and chSEP, which contributed to their overall increased ACE risk.

conclusionsUS-born NHB and NHW girls residing in poorer neighborhoods or households had a similarly substantially elevated burden of ACEs, indicating childhood poverty is a crucial determinant of ACE risk, independent of race.

Indexed as

Adverse Childhood ExperiencesBlack or African AmericanChild PovertyWhiteAdultChildFemaleHumansMichiganMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultAdverse childhood experiencesNeighborhood povertyRace and ethnicitySocioeconomic position

Identifiers

PMID40316955
PMCPMC12046649

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.