ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2025
Redefining CNS immune privilege.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toripalimab consolidation after chemoradiotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a phase II, randomized controlled study (GASTO-1052A).Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- The Impact of Antigen Presentation on BBB Disruption and Neuroinflammation.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- IL-17D reprograms CD93Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- The Microbiome in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Tumor-Immune Interactions, and Translational Perspectives.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Hospital-treated infection associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology: underlying mechanisms.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- The cascade to pathogenicity in autoantibody-mediated CNS diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Beyond the tumour microenvironment: Harnessing border immunity for glioblastoma immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome as Drivers of Neurodegeneration: Convergent Mechanisms Linking Peripheral Neuropathy and Dementia.Annals of neurology · 2026Review
- Leptomeningeal fibroblasts promote glioblastoma progression by regulating cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Compartmentalized B cell-microglia crosstalk drives ischemic white matter demyelination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Driven microglia reprogramming reverses depressive-like behaviors through Peripheral-to-Central immune crosstalk.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Simultaneous activation of border-associated immune cells and glial cells at the CNS-meningeal interface after subarachnoid haemorrhage in rats.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in neuroinflammation coordinate neuroimmune homeostasis and pathological progression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Anti-CAR Immunity Drives Acquired Therapeutic Resistance to GD2-CAR T Cell Therapy in Diffuse Midline Glioma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Immunosenescence in systemic and multi-organ aging: mechanisms, inter-organ crosstalk, and translational opportunities.npj aging · 2026Review
- The relationship between inflammatory markers and the severity and prognosis of neurological dysfunction in stroke patients.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Getting on your last nerve: IFNs and resistance to infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has a unique relationship with the immune system, referred to as immune privilege. For many years it was thought that immune privilege was due to isolation of the CNS from the immune system, but recent findings have shown that this theory is flawed and that there is substantial neuroimmune communication, particularly at border sites that encase the CNS. These border sites include perivascular and subarachnoid spaces, the choroid plexus, the meninges and the vasculature, including the recently discovered meningeal lymphatic vessels. CNS border tissues have extensive interaction with the cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as an immune mediator, allowing the immune system at the CNS borders to respond to challenges within the CNS parenchyma. Together, CNS border tissues enable immune surveillance and protection against infections while preventing inflammatory damage to the parenchyma. A better understanding of the mechanisms of immune privilege as an accord, as opposed to isolation, between the two systems would help us obtain effective immunotherapies for neurological diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.