Observational studyEuropean journal of pediatrics2025
Clinical manifestations, serotype distribution, and incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Catalonia (Spain), 2018-2022.
Observational study in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Population Genetic Structure of Invasive and Non-InvasiveInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The global incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) decreased after the switch from PCV7 to PCV13 in 2010. However, serotype 3 remains the leading cause of IPD in Catalonia (Spain), due to the low effectiveness of PCV13 against it. This study aimed to analyze the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of IPD in children over 5 years and evaluate the potential impact of new vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20). A 5-year prospective observational study was conducted from 2018 to 2022, including children up to 18 hospitalized with IPD at three major children's hospitals in Catalonia. Data on clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological factors were collected. A total of 220 episodes were identified, with a median age of 33.0 months (range 0-209). Comparing pre-pandemic (2018-2019) to early pandemic years (2020-2021), the IPD rate in children < 18 years decreased by 60.6% (p < 0.001). However, no significant change was observed when comparing 2022 to 2018. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (61.8%), meningitis (14.5%), and bacteremia without focus (13.2%). Serotype 3 was the leading cause (35.1%) of IPD and was associated with complicated pneumonia (84.7%) and vaccine failure (73.6%). Ninety-three IPD episodes (45.4%) were caused by PCV13 serotypes, 97 (47.3%) by PCV15 serotypes, and 132 (64.4%) by PCV20 serotypes.
conclusionThe incidence of IPD has remained stable, except for a decrease during the pandemic. Serotype 3 was the most common, often associated with vaccine failures and severe pneumonia. PCV15 and PCV20 vaccines could offer better coverage against circulating serotypes and further reduce IPD incidence in Catalonia. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Serotype 3 remains a leading cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) despite inclusion in PCV13 due to its limited vaccine effectiveness. • IPD incidence decreased globally during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to public health measures. WHAT IS NEW: • In Catalonia, serotype 3 continues to dominate pediatric IPD cases and is frequently associated with complicated pneumonia and vaccine failure. • PCV15 and PCV20 offer broader serotype coverage and may significantly improve IPD prevention in children.
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