Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40316754›Full record

Observational studyJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2025

Pulmonary vasodilator use in very preterm infants in United States children's hospitals.

Tomas F Vega, Matthew Huber, Erik A Jensen, Catherine M Avitabile, Scott A Lorch, Kathleen A Gibbs, Michael L O'Byrne, David B Frank, Nicolas A Bamat

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tomas F VegaDivision of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1083-6329
Matthew HuberDivision of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Erik A JensenDivision of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9179-8032
Catherine M AvitabileDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-5447
Scott A LorchDivision of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kathleen A GibbsDivision of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Michael L O'ByrneDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-1634
David B FrankDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nicolas A BamatDivision of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. bamatn@chop.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-093X

Funding

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) K23HD10165
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo describe common pulmonary vasodilators (PV), exposure timing, and characteristics associated with their use in very preterm (VP) infants. STUDY

designObservational study of VP infants discharged from U.S. children's hospitals (2011-2021). PV exposures during hospitalization were identified, and multivariable modeling determined characteristics associated with exposure.

resultsAmong 37,428 infants, 6.3% received PV. Early inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and late sildenafil were most common. Early exposure was associated with lower gestational age, aOR: 9.2 (7.3-11.7), 22-25 vs. 29-31 weeks) and small for gestational age (SGA), 2.3 (2.0-2.7). Late exposure was associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) grade, 26.2 (16.8-40.9), grade 3 vs. no BPD) and early PV exposure, 3.7 (2.9-4.8).

conclusionsEarly iNO and late sildenafil are used in VP infants despite limited evidence. Prospective early studies enrolling extremely preterm and SGA infants and late studies enrolling infants with early PV exposure and high-grade BPD would target current evidence gaps.

Indexed as

Bronchopulmonary DysplasiaInfant, Extremely PrematureNitric OxideSildenafil CitrateVasodilator AgentsAdministration, InhalationFemaleGestational AgeHospitals, PediatricHumansInfant, NewbornMaleUnited StatesNitric OxideSildenafil CitrateVasodilator Agents

Identifiers

PMID40316754
PMCPMC12479341

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.