Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40316703›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2025

A systematic review of quantum machine learning for digital health.

Riddhi S Gupta, Carolyn E Wood, Teyl Engstrom, Jason D Pole, Sally Shrapnel

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. AI In Leukemia Diagnostics: Complementing the Pathologist's Role.International journal of laboratory hematology · 2026
    Review
  2. H-QDCT: hierarchical quantum DCT for structural-textural feature fusion in medical imaging.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Prostate Cancer Classification Using Quantum Machine Learning on Multi-parametric MRI.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
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  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
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  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Riddhi S GuptaSchool of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, QLD, Australia. riddhi.gupta@uq.edu.au.
Carolyn E WoodSchool of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, QLD, Australia.
Teyl EngstromQDHeC. Centre for Health Services Research. Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.
Jason D PoleQDHeC. Centre for Health Services Research. Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia.
Sally ShrapnelSchool of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, QLD, Australia.

Funding

Centre of Excellence in Engineered Quantum Systems, Australian Research Council CE17010000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growth in digitization of health data provides opportunities for using algorithmic techniques for data analysis. This systematic review assesses whether quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms outperform existing classical methods for clinical decisioning or health service delivery. Included studies use electronic health/medical records, or reasonable proxy data, and QML algorithms designed for quantum computing hardware. Databases PubMed, Embase, IEEE, Scopus, and preprint server arXiv were searched for studies dated 01/01/2015-10/06/2024. Of an initial 4915 studies, 169 were eligible, with 123 then excluded for insufficient rigor. Only 16 studies consider realistic operating conditions involving quantum hardware or noisy simulations. We find nearly all encountered quantum models form a subset of general QML structures. Scalability of data encoding is partly addressed but requires restrictive hardware assumptions. Overall, performance differentials between quantum and classical algorithms show no consistent trend to support empirical quantum utility in digital health.

Identifiers

PMID40316703
PMCPMC12048600

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.