Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40316577›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Evaluating the efficacy of Chenopodium murale plant extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and reducing dental caries risk.

Sumaira Kanwal, Shazia Perveen, Huma Hameed, Sadia Tahir, Rehmana Rashid, Mohammad Raish, Sadia Bashir, Khudija Zaffar, Ali Irfan, Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Sumaira KanwalCOMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Shazia PerveenDepartment of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan. drshazia.zool@wum.edu.pk.
Huma HameedFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Sadia TahirDepartment of microbiology and molecular genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
Rehmana RashidDepartment of Pharmacy, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
Mohammad RaishDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Sadia BashirDepartment of Botany, The Women University, Multan, 66000, Pakistan.
Khudija ZaffarCOMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ali IrfanDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. raialiirfan@gmail.com.
Katarzyna Kotwica-MojzychDepartment of Histology, Embryology and Cytophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, Lublin, 20-080, Poland.
Saleha FaheemFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Ajaz AhmadDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad KashifDepartment of Oral Pathology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan.
Yousef A Bin JardanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. ybinjardan@ksu.edu.sa.

Funding

King Saud University RSP2025R457
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The relationship between Streptococcus mutans and dental caries has been a key focus of research due to the widespread prevalence of caries in humans. In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Chenopodium murale (C. murale) extract against Streptococcus mutans by the application of 10 µL of ethanolic extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration test was used for antimicrobial sensitivity by the application of ethanolic extracts of C. murale. The zone of inhibition diameter made by the extract of C. murale, was measured at 12 mm and compared with the standard reference ampicillin and clindamycin antibiotic drugs, measured at 20 mm and 30 mm, respectively. Moreover, the FTIR analysis showed alkyl halide, phenyl, carbonyl, alkane, amines, and alcohol functional groups in C. murale extract. The C. murale plant extract has significant and comparable therapeutic efficacy with reference to the ampicillin reference drug against the bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans, on account of scavenging bond stretches with fewer side effects owing to its natural origin. Further, presence of coumarin in the pure extract of C. murale was confirmed by TLC method. The anti-Streptococcus mutans activity of the C. murale ethanolic extract was found with the MIC of 1.469 mg/mL and MBC of 4.260 and cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans linked to pH drop was also inhibited significantly. Our study clearly indicated that this plant extract thus can potentially be used as a commercialized product in near future for the prevention of dental caries.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsDental CariesPlant ExtractsStreptococcus mutansHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPlant ExtractsAntibacterial activityChenopodium muraleDental cariesPlant extractSaliva samplesStreptococcus mutans

Identifiers

PMID40316577
PMCPMC12048646

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.