ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2025
Leptospirosis.
Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety outcomes reported in human leptospirosis studies to inform the development of a core outcome and core outcome measurement set: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Human-to-human transmission of leptospirosis: a global systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Thailand during 2024-2025, with detection of Leptospira weilii in human clinical specimens.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Deciphering the "Doxycycline Deficiency Syndrome": Defining the Characteristic Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Findings in Patients Presenting with Leptospirosis, Q Fever and Rickettsial Diseases in Far North Queensland, Tropical Australia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Environmental Distribution of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Subtropical Rivers of Japan and Implications for Human Infection.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Proteasome-dependent cytoskeleton disruption during Leptospira interrogans infection induces aberrant collective cell migration.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- At the Interface of Urban Exposure and Infection: A Classical Case of Leptospirosis in New York City.Cureus · 2026Article
- Environmental formermSystems · 2026Article
- Draft genome sequence ofMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026Article
- Multi-omics analysis of human patient samples identifies key immune factors inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Genetic Epidemiology of Bovine Leptospirosis: A Global Perspective from Sequence and Genome Datasets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Host adaptation drives genome evolution and virulence diversification in a bacterial zoonotic pathogen.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in patients under and over 5 years of age in primary health centers in the Peruvian Amazon, 2022-2024.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of leptospirosis in Europe: a retrospective observational study with prospective projections.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic evidence of possible zoonotic circulation ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- High Positivity Rate forTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Leptospirosis-associated meningitis in an urban tropical endemic setting in northeastern Brazil: Three New cases and a meta-summary of 176 reported cases.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Leptospiral dissemination is restrained by liver macrophages through Clec4d-driven capture via C/EBPβ activation.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that is prevalent across all continents and is caused by pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. Although infection can be asymptomatic, symptomatic disease can vary in severity from mild to severe illness, the latter characterized by icterus and/or multi-organ dysfunction and potentially death. An estimated one million cases of leptospirosis occur globally each year, resulting in ~60,000 deaths. The pathogenesis of severe leptospirosis is poorly understood but is believed to involve an interplay between genetic predisposition, pathogen virulence and dysregulated immune responses that trigger a cytokine storm with associated immunoparesis. Leptospira are susceptible to several low-cost antibiotics, including benzyl penicillin, doxycycline, cephalosporins and macrolides, when used in the early phase of infection. Late disease with organ dysfunction is treated with supportive care, and the benefit of antibiotics during late disease is doubtful. Very few countries have licensed a vaccine for human leptospirosis, and available vaccines only protect against rodent-associated serogroups. Exposure control by behavioural modifications and personal protective measures are the major preventative measures in leptospirosis, and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics has not been confirmed in clinical trials. Future research is needed to accurately estimate leptospirosis disease burden across the globe, to understand the pathophysiology of severe leptospirosis to inform the design of targeted immunotherapies and vaccines, and to develop cost-effective and accurate point-of-care diagnostics.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.