Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40315844›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2025

Diagnostic validation of novel Borrelia antigens discovered by whole-proteome microarray: Advancing early detection and test of cure for Lyme disease.

Abhijeet Nayak, M E Baarsma, Jacqueline A van Eck, Arlo Z Randall, Jeanine Ursinus, Andy A Teng, Jozelyn V Pablo, Chris Hung, Doris U M Wopereis, Freek van de Schoor and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Abhijeet NayakAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Infection and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.nayak@amsterdamumc.nl.
M E BaarsmaAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Infection and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jacqueline A van EckAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Infection and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Arlo Z RandallAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), ImmPORT Therapeutics Inc. dba Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.
Jeanine UrsinusAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Infection and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Andy A TengAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), ImmPORT Therapeutics Inc. dba Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.
Jozelyn V PabloAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), ImmPORT Therapeutics Inc. dba Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.
Chris HungAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), ImmPORT Therapeutics Inc. dba Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.
Doris U M WopereisAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Infection and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Freek van de SchoorDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Calin D PopaDepartment of Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Ubbergen, the Netherlands.
Cees C van den WijngaardNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Bart-Jan KullbergDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Leo A B JoostenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Herman KuiperAmsterdam UMC, Department of Neurology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Joseph J CampoAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), ImmPORT Therapeutics Inc. dba Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.
Xiaouw LiangAntigen Discovery Inc. (ADI), ImmPORT Therapeutics Inc. dba Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, CA, USA.
Joppe W HoviusAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Infection and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lyme disease serodiagnosis has limited early sensitivity and cannot distinguish active from past infections. To address this, we screen a Borrelia afzelii whole-proteome microarray (1,296 proteins) using human (n = 149) and murine (n = 32) sera. We evaluate three early-stage antigens-BafPKo_A0001, BafPKo_D0016, and BafPKo_A0029. ELISA cutoffs are established using discovery cohort sera (n = 99) and validated with the validation (n = 242) and the prospective (n = 223) cohorts. A0001 demonstrates 87.8% sensitivity, outperforming C6 (69.4%) and STTT (22.5%) in the discovery cohort. In the validation cohort, A0001 reaches 90.5% sensitivity, surpassing C6 by 11.6% and STTT by 50%. In hyper-acute erythema migrans sera (from the prospective cohort), A0001 achieves 55.1% sensitivity, exceeding C6 and STTT by 14.6% and 33.3%, respectively. COMBO-3 and COMBO-2 yield the highest sensitivity of 92.9% and 66.1% in the validation and prospective cohort, respectively. A0001 and D0016 show enhanced and robust seroreversion after antibiotic treatment suggesting their potential as test of cure biomarkers in early Lyme disease.

Indexed as

Antigens, BacterialBorreliaLyme DiseaseProtein Array AnalysisProteomeAdultAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialEarly DiagnosisEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansMaleMiceMiddle AgedProspective StudiesAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, BacterialProteomeactive and past infectionantigensBorreliadiagnosisLyme diseasemicroarraysensitivityspecificitytest-of-cure

Identifiers

PMID40315844
PMCPMC12147846

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.