ArticleScience advances2025
LINE-1 ribonucleoprotein condensates bind DNA to enable nuclear entry during mitosis.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interactions of LINE-1 ORF1p with proteins and chromatin suggest a role in neuronal physiology.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Single-molecule imaging reveals DNA shape read-out by the INO80 chromatin remodeler.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer analysis reveals context-dependent roles of LINE-1 ORF1p in immune regulation and copy number alterations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights into direct DNA and RNA strand transfer and dynamic protein exchange of SSB and RPA.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- LINE-1 ribonucleoprotein condensates bind DNA to enable nuclear entry during mitosis.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) is an autonomous retrotransposon that makes up a substantial portion of the human genome, contributing to genetic diversity and genome evolution. LINE-1 encodes two proteins, ORF1p and ORF2p, both essential for successful retrotransposition. ORF2p has endonuclease and reverse transcription activity, while ORF1p binds RNA. Many copies of ORF1p assemble onto the LINE-1 RNA to form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensate. However, the function of these condensates in the LINE-1 life cycle remains unclear. Using reconstitution assays on DNA curtains, we show that L1 RNP condensates gain DNA binding activity only when RNA is super-saturated with ORF1p. In cells, L1 RNP condensates bind to chromosomes during mitosis. Mutational analysis reveals that DNA binding is crucial for nuclear entry and LINE-1 retrotransposition activity. Thus, a key function of ORF1p is to form an RNP condensate that gains access to the genome through DNA binding upon nuclear envelope breakdown.
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Registered trials
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