ArticlePloS one2025
Increased serum levels of IL-40 are associated with IgA and NETosis biomarkers in Covid-19 patients: IL-40 and infectious diseases.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-omics characterises early immune divergence associated with infection-related deterioration after lung transplantation.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Interleukin-40 as a biomarker of mortality risk in patients with severe pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Comparative Investigation of Cardiac Injury Mediated by IL-40 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Pericardial Fluid and Serum.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Interleukin 40 (IL-40) is a novel cytokine that has been associated with B lymphocytes, particularly IgA-secreting cells in gut mucosa. Considering mucosal association of IL-40, we aimed to determine serum IL-40 levels in patients with Covid-19. We compared IL-40 concentrations in healthy people to both patients with mild symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumonia. IL-40 was measured by ELISA. Serum IgA levels were tested by nephelometry. For the first time, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection increased serum IL-40 levels significantly. The elevation of IL-40 in serum was related to severity of the infection. Therefore, IL-40 concentrations were quite higher in patients with symptoms of pneumonia. Our findings indicated that IgA and NETosis biomarkers were related with IL-40 increase. Based on these findings, we speculated that IL-40 would be associated with immune activities in the mucosa of the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. This association may be linked to a mechanism that has a control on IgA and NETosis.
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