ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Risk of Congenital Heart Diseases: Multivariable and Mendelian Randomization Analyses Using 3 Birth Cohorts.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitamin D and Health Outcomes: State-of-the-Art Review of Triangulated Evidence and Ongoing Controversies.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Identifying Inadequate Maternal Nutrition in Pregnancies Affected by Fetal Heart Defects: A Feasibility Pilot Study Using Photo-Based Diet Quality Assessment.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIdentifying modifiable risk factors for congenital heart disease (CHD) is important for prevention. Previous studies have reported associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in pregnancy and CHD in the offspring. However, these studies contain important methodological limitations. We aimed to investigate 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy in relation to offspring risk of CHD using both multivariable regression (MVR) analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
methodsData from the ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), BiB (Born in Bradford), and MoBa (Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort) studies (N=8722 (77 cases) for MVR analysis, N=74 953 (646 cases) for MR) were used. MVR analysis was adjusted for offspring sex, maternal age, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and parity. One sample MR was performed with weighted genetic risk score for 25(OH)D based on published genome-wide significant genetic variants. Sensitivity analyses explored the relevance and validity of the genetic risk score. Results were pooled across the 3 cohorts in a meta-analysis with random effects and consistency between results from the MVR and MR was examined.
resultsPooled results from the adjusted MVR suggested higher maternal pregnancy 25(OH)D associated with lower CHD risk, though the CIs were wide and included the null (odds ratio [OR], 0.79 [95% CI, 0.53, 1.06] per 1 SD higher 25(OH)D). By contrast precise MR results did not support a causal relationship (OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.91, 1.07] per 1 SD higher 25(OH)D genetic risk score).
conclusionsWe did not find robust evidence supporting an effect of maternal pregnancy 25(OH)D levels on offspring CHD.
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