ArticlePediatric quality & safety
Characteristics of Hot and Cold Debriefs for In-hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Mixed-methods Analysis.
Article in Pediatric quality & safety. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 10. Education and system implementation for enhanced chain of survival.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- Analysis of neonatal resuscitation debriefings: mixed-methods results from a multicenter pilot study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: This study examined a standardized event review approach, assessing hot and cold debriefs in pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) to demonstrate their distinct but synergistic values. Methods: This retrospective mixed-methods analysis was conducted for 2 years in a large, single-center pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at a quaternary care, free-standing children's hospital. Following the standardization of debriefing processes, both hot and cold debriefs were systematically performed after PICU IHCA events where chest compressions lasted longer than 1 minute, utilizing standardized debrief forms. Event-level data were collected for each IHCA, with the possibility of patients being represented multiple times. Results: There were 37 recorded PICU IHCAs during the study period from March 2020 to April 2022. Hot debriefs were performed in 84% (31/37) of events, and cold debriefs in 100% (37/37). Qualitative analysis of hot debriefs found that issues with communication and personnel (25%), cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality (25%), and medication preparation/administration (23.7%) were most cited. Analysis of cold debrief comments revealed that patient care (42.2%), environment and compliance (28.9%), and communication (20%) were the 3 most cited areas of potential improvement. Conclusions: Hot and cold debriefs following pediatric IHCA are both feasible and clinically valuable. The combined use of these debriefing tools provided more comprehensive insights, with each format uniquely contributing to identifying distinct areas for improvement. Additionally, our findings highlight the importance of a carefully crafted and standardized approach to debriefing that aligns with the intended outcomes.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.