Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40313941›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Reappraisal of IgG subclass deficiencies: a retrospective comparative cohort study.

Damla Dogru, Yagmur Dogru, Faranaz Atschekzei, Abdulwahab Elsayed, Natalia Dubrowinskaja, Diana Ernst, Torsten Witte, Vega Gödecke, Georgios Sogkas

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Damla DogruDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Yagmur DogruDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Faranaz AtschekzeiDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Abdulwahab ElsayedDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Natalia DubrowinskajaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Diana ErnstDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Torsten WitteDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Vega Gödecke *Center for Rare Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Georgios Sogkas *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical spectrum of IgG subclass deficiencies (IgGSDs) and assess the relative clinical significance of diagnosing each specific IgGSD disorder as compared to the common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Methods: The clinical spectrum and immunological findings from 96 patients, diagnosed with diverse IgGSDs, were retrospectively evaluated. Specific IgGSDs were compared with each other and a cohort of 270 patients with CVID. Results: In comparison to CVID, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and bronchiectasis were rarer in IgGSDs, while recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus reactivations were more common. With respect to autoimmunity, IgGSDs were associated with arthritis, while autoimmune cytopenias were less frequently observed than in CVID. Among IgGSDs, herpes zoster was more common in IgG3SD. Arthritis was more prevalent in IgG1 + 3SD. Given its association with LRTI, splenomegaly, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and the lower class-switched memory B-cell counts, IgG2 + 4SD is the IgGSD that rather resembles CVID. Conclusions: Comparative evaluation of phenotypes and treatments of patients with IgGSDs and CVID reveals distinct features, suggesting the differential clinical significance of diagnosing IgGSDs. The differential clinical expressions of IgGSDs highlight the need for studying each IgGSD separately in order to optimize disorder-specific follow-up procedures and prophylactic anti-infective measures.

Indexed as

Common Variable ImmunodeficiencyIgG DeficiencyImmunoglobulin GAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultImmunoglobulin Garthritisbronchiectasiscommon variable immunodeficiencyherpes zosterIgG subclass deficiencyIgG subclassespredominantly antibody deficiencies

Identifiers

PMID40313941
PMCPMC12043879

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.