ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Sequestering survival: sponge-like proteins in phage evasion of bacterial immune defenses.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Balancing of immune activation and suppression during phage infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- The gut and circulating virome: emerging players in aging and longevity.Frontiers in aging · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
By executing abortive infection, bacterial immune defense systems recognize phage components and initiate the production of various second messengers that target specific downstream effectors responsible for nucleic acid degradation, membrane destruction, or metabolite depletion. Notably, the sponge-like proteins encoded by phages, such as Tad1, Tad2, and Acb2, can inhibit abortive infection by sequestering, rather than degrading, these bacterial second messengers. This interference disrupts the activation of the effectors involved in the immune response. Most significantly, sponge-like proteins can simultaneously encapsulate diverse signals, effectively preventing the cell suicide mechanisms triggered by different bacterial immune systems, such as the cyclic nucleotide-based antiphage signaling system (CBASS) and Thoeris. The discovery of these sponge-like proteins reveals a remarkable strategy for suppressing innate immunity, ensuring viral replication and propagation. This greatly enhances our understanding of the ongoing arms race between hosts and viruses.
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Registered trials
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