SynthesisFrontiers in veterinary science2025
Prevalence of tuberculosis in bovines in Pakistan during 2000-2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in cattle: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Pooled it
- The Global Prevalence of Tuberculosis Infection in Buffaloes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Mixed connective tissue disease and tuberculosis coexistence as a diagnostic dilemma: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) primarily caused by Methods: We searched Science Direct, Pubmed, Base, Green File-Poly U Library, Google Scholar, and additional articles were also identified manually from reference lists of articles generated in database search, systemically for papers that presented bTB prevalence data, published in English language between January 1, 2000, and April 30 2024. A total of 35 published articles were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results: The estimated overall prevalence of bTB was found to be 6.06% [95% CI: 4.67-7.87]. Cattle were more susceptible to infection, with a higher prevalence (6.44% [95% CI: 4.04-10.26]) compared to buffalo (5.54% [95% CI: 3.13-9.81]). The prevalence determined by PCR (5.65% [95% CI: 3.33-5.98]) was much similar to that of TST (5.61% [95% CI: 4.20-7.50]) with no significant difference. Milk samples showed the highest prevalence (14.66% [95% CI: 7.38-29.11]), particularly due to the consumption of unpasteurized milk, improper handling of dairy products and suckling by calves from the infected cows. Furthermore, the analysis considered effect of various potential risk factors (age, weight, breed, body condition score, herd size, animal status) along with different geographical factors (longitude, latitude, altitude, humidity, rainfall, temperature, climate) associated with bTB prevalence, which should be considered when developing future disease surveillance and control programs. Conclusion: In Pakistan bTB was widely distributed throughout the country, as a neglected zoonotic disease. Long-term disease prevalence monitoring should be recommended along with the need to improve diagnostic techniques, enhance farm management practices, and implement targeted surveillance to protect both animal and public health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.