ArticleBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Maternal Immune Activation During Pregnancy and Obstetric Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuroimmune interactions: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Examining the association between prenatal inflammation and postpartum depression in a large, prospective pregnancy cohort in New York City.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Maternal opioid use disorder and hepatitis C infection in pregnancy reshape the peripheral immune landscape at term.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Serum Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) Has Good Correlation with Fecal Calprotectin Levels in Pregnant IBD Patients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal health status is associated with paired maternal and cord blood virome and mother-to-infant transmission.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- A Multi-Algorithm Machine Learning Model for Predicting the Risk of Preterm Birth in Patients with Early-Onset Preeclampsia.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Parental health at preconception and gestational age at birth: evidence from a population-based cohort using double machine learning.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2025Article
- Inflammatory markers in pregnancy - identifying drivers in four large cohorts.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMaternal immune activation has been proposed as a mechanism for adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet the mechanisms and effects of timing remain unclear. Immune disruption in early gestation may be particularly detrimental as this is an important period for placental development, which has been associated with the pathology of adverse obstetric outcomes. To increase our understanding of risk factors for adverse obstetric outcomes, we aim to investigate the association between multiple inflammatory and angiogenic markers during early pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a large population-based cohort.
designProspective population-based pregnancy cohort study (n = 7513).
settingRotterdam, the Netherlands. POPULATION: Pregnant women in Rotterdam between April 2002 and January 2006.
methodsSerum inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity (HS)-C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17a, IL-23, interferon (IFN)-γ) and angiogenic factors (sFlt-1 and PlGF) were analysed in repeated measures around 13-20 weeks gestation. A cytokine index was created using principal component analysis.
main outcome measuresHypertensive disorders of pregnancy, spontaneous preterm birth and small for gestational age at birth.
resultsHS-CRP, but not the cytokine index, was associated with increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth after multiple testing correction. We found no association of HS-CRP or the cytokine index with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and small for gestational age at birth after multiple testing correction. Inflammatory and angiogenic factors were associated with each other, yet effect sizes were small.
conclusionsWe found no strong evidence of a link between early gestation typical inflammatory marker levels and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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