ArticleJournal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)2025
Antifungal effects of Metformin against Candida albicans by autophagy regulation.
Article in Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- HOM2 and TPK1 are associated with Kluyveromyces marxianus growth under high-temperature and reduced-aeration conditions.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Metformin as a Metabolic Reprogramming Interface in Host-Pathogen and Bone Microenvironment Crosstalk: A Dual-Target Strategy Against Antimicrobial Resistance and Osteoporotic Bone Loss.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Chloroquine Alone and Combined with Antifungal Drug Against Candida albicans Biofilms In Vitro and In Vivo via Autophagy Inhibition.Mycopathologia · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a common opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause infections ranging from superficial to severe systemic diseases. This study investigates the antifungal effects of metformin on C. albicans and explores its underlying mechanisms. Growth inhibition was assessed via XTT assays, and hyphal formation and morphological changes were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured with JC-1 and DCFH-DA probes, respectively. Gene expression related to ROS and autophagy was quantified by RT-qPCR, and autophagosomes were visualized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Metformin significantly inhibited C. albicans growth and hyphal formation, altered cell morphology, reduced MMP, and increased ROS levels. It activated autophagy in planktonic C. albicans but suppressed it in biofilm forms. Additionally, metformin exhibited synergistic effects with amphotericin B against planktonic C. albicans and with caspofungin against biofilms. The findings suggest that metformin exerts antifungal activity by modulating MMP, ROS levels, and autophagy-related pathways, and enhances the efficacy of specific antifungal drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.