Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40312730›Full record

ArticleGlobal health research and policy2025

Burden of disease in the Belt and Road countries from 1990 to 2021: analysis of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Youyou Wu, Peishan Ning, Zhenzhen Rao, Li Li, David C Schwebel, Peixia Cheng, Yanhong Fu, Ruotong Li, Jie Li, Wanhui Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Global health research and policy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Youyou WuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Peishan NingDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Zhenzhen RaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Li LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
David C SchwebelDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Peixia ChengDepartment of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
Yanhong FuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Ruotong LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Jie LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Wanhui WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
Guoqing HuDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China. huguoqing009@gmail.com.

Funding

National Key R&D Program of China 2022YFC3603000
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs a newly emerging collaborative platform to boost regional growth and prosperity, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has great potential to promote global health development. However, the overall health status of BRI countries remains unclear. We analyzed the health patterns and its geographical distribution in 149 BRI countries from 1990 to 2021.

methodsUsing the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) online database, we examined time trends, country and income variations in death rate and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate, and compared the trends and projected 2030 values for ten key health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators among the 149 BRI countries.

resultsThe number of deaths and DALYs of BRI countries represented 62.9-66.0% of global deaths and 64.8-66.8% of global DALYs between 1990 and 2021, and both the overall age-standardized death rate and DALY rate continued to be higher in BRI countries than in non-BRI countries throughout the time period studied. Great variations existed across the 149 BRI countries for both level of and changes in age-standardized death rate and DALY rate. The 2030 targets for six health-related SDGs indicators will not be reached in over 70% of BRI countries according to the previous changing speed trajectory.

conclusionsOur findings demonstrate that BRI countries face a heavy burden of disease that varies across countries, although health outcomes have improved since 1990. Progress toward 2030 targets for six key health-related SDGs indicators in most BRI countries was slow. These findings support calls for more health collaborations, aid programs, and other health service to reduce health disparities across the BRI countries.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthMortalityDisability-Adjusted Life YearsHumansQuality-Adjusted Life YearsSustainable DevelopmentBurden of diseaseHealth disparityProjectionSustainable Development GoalsThe Belt and Road initiative

Identifiers

PMID40312730
PMCPMC12046647

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.