Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40312699›Full record

SynthesisBMC ophthalmology2025

Exploring leukocyte differential count ratio profiles as inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ohisa Harley, Yufilia Suci Amelia, Elsa Gustianty, Nanny N M Soetedjo, Arief S Kartasasmita

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. [Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026
    Observational
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ohisa HarleyDoctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Terusan Ekologi- No 7, Ir. Soekarno Street Km 21, Jatinangor, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia. ohisa23001@mail.unpad.ac.id.
Yufilia Suci AmeliaNetra Eye Clinic, Sumatera Street No. 46 - 68, Bandung, West Java, 40114, Indonesia.
Elsa GustiantyNetra Eye Clinic, Sumatera Street No. 46 - 68, Bandung, West Java, 40114, Indonesia.
Nanny N M SoetedjoDepartement of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Ir. Soekarno Street Km 21, Jatinangor, Bandung, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
Arief S KartasasmitaNetra Eye Clinic, Sumatera Street No. 46 - 68, Bandung, West Java, 40114, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasingly prevalent and a major cause of irreversible blindness, particularly in developing countries. Limited access to ophthalmologists often leads to delayed diagnosis, emphasizing the need for more affordable and widely accessible screening methods to facilitate early identification. Recently, several studies have demonstrated variability in findings regarding the relationship between leukocyte differential count ratio biomarkers and DR. This study aims to investigate the association between leukocyte differential count ratios-NLR (Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), PLR (Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), MLR (Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio), and SII (Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index)-and the stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across several databases up to September 2024, with a focus on identifying studies examining the relationship between the leukocyte differential count ratio profiles and diabetic retinopathy. Review Manager was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the included studies.

resultsA total of 38 studies were included in the systematic review and 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The mean differences in the NLR and PLR values were significantly different among the groups and were higher in the PDR group (0.68 (95%CI 0.42-0.95, p < 0.05) and 19.57 (95%CI 10.68-28.46, p < 0.05; respectively). These findings were followed by significant differences in SII value 202.53 (95% CI 196.19-208.86, p < 0.05). Moreover, the MLR values were not significantly different among the groups (p > 0.05).

conclusionNLR, PLR, and SII are associated with both the presence and progression of DR, with increasing levels of NLR and PLR reflecting a higher risk and severity of the disease. However, it is still necessary to justify the need to combine them with other clinical parameters to confirm the diagnosis.

Indexed as

Diabetic RetinopathyInflammationLeukocytesBiomarkersHumansLeukocyte CountBiomarkersBiomarkerDiabetic retinopathyLymphocyteMonocyteNeutrophilPlatelet

Identifiers

PMID40312699
PMCPMC12044949

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.