Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40312417›Full record

ReviewBMC global and public health2025

Building health systems capable of leveraging AI: applying Paul Farmer's 5S framework for equitable global health.

Liam G McCoy, Azra Bihorac, Leo Anthony Celi, Matthew Elmore, Divya Kewalramani, Teddy Kwaga, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Renata Prôa, Joel Schamroth, Jonathan D Shaffer and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMC global and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
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  7. Review
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Liam G McCoyInstitute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-2256
Azra BihoracDepartment of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University Of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-2863
Leo Anthony CeliInstitute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-6626
Matthew ElmoreDuke Health AI Evaluation & Governance, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-5281
Divya KewalramaniDepartment of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-9125-0909
Teddy KwagaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-8017
Nicole Martinez-MartinCenter for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-0462
Renata PrôaDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4265-7487
Joel SchamrothFaculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4565-2333
Jonathan D ShafferDepartment of Sociology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-6915
Alaa YoussefDepartment of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-8236
Amelia FiskeInstitute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Department of Preclinical Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. a.fiske@tum.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-6897

Funding

Bridge2AI: Patient-Focused Collaborative Hospital Repository Uniting Standards (CHoRUS) for Equitable AIOT2OD032701 · OD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BIHORAC, AZRA, CLERMONT, GILLES · 2022 to 2025
$24.6M
MUST Data Science Research Hub (MUDSReH) - Democratized Trusted Research Environment (dTRE)U54TW012043 · FIC · MBARARA UNIVERSITY/SCIENCE/ TECHNOLOGY · PI Leo Anthony G Celi, Jessica Elizabeth Haberer · 2021 to 2026
$6.9M
Critical Care Informatics: Ethical considerations around the use and sharing of health-related dataR01EB017205 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI CELI, LEO ANTHONY G, MARK, ROGER GREENWOOD · 2014 to 2021
$3.8M
Bridge2AI OT2OD032701DS-I Africa U54 TW012043-01FIC NIH HHS U54 TW012043Korea Health Industry Development Institute RS-2024-00403047National Science Foundation ITEST #2148451NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017205NIH HHS OT2 OD032701
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare is often positioned as a solution to the greatest challenges facing global health. Advocates propose that AI can bridge gaps in care delivery and access, improving healthcare quality and reducing inequity, including in resource-constrained settings. A broad base of critical scholarship has highlighted important issues with healthcare AI, including algorithmic bias and inequitable and inaccurate model outputs. While such criticisms are valid, there exists a much more fundamental challenge that is often overlooked in global health policy debates: the dangerous mismatch between AI's imagined benefits and the material realities of healthcare systems globally. AI cannot be deployed effectively or ethically in contexts lacking sufficient social and material infrastructure and resources to provide effective healthcare services. Continued investments in AI within unprepared, under-resourced contexts risk misallocating resources and potentially causing more harm than good. The article concludes by providing concrete questions to assess AI systemic capacity and socio-technical readiness in global health.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceEquityGlobal healthHealthHealth systemsPaul Farmer

Identifiers

PMID40312417
PMCPMC12046908

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.