Observational studyOphthalmology2025
A Data-driven Age-related Macular Degeneration Severity Scoring System Leveraging the AREDS Studies and Clinical Electronic Medical Records.
Observational study in Ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retinal pigment epithelium pathology in age-related macular degeneration: mitigation with melatonin.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Age-related macular degeneration severity and risk of Alzheimer's disease in older adults in a prospective, community-based cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo develop a data-driven severity scoring system for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that can generate distinct scores for exudative AMD (AMD-W) and nonexudative AMD (AMD-D) and that can be applied to routine clinical features captured in electronic medical record (EMR) data, in which complete data on features included in traditional scoring systems are rare.
designRetrospective cohort study with external validation.
participantsData from participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), AREDS2, and the Eye Adult Changes in Thought (Eye ACT) study.
methodsSeverity score models were developed for non-exudative ("dry") AMD (AMD-D) and exudative ("wet") AMD (AMD_W) based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from AREDS and AREDS2. Models were applied to an independent cohort of the Eye ACT study whose longitudinal ophthalmic clinical data were extracted from an EMR capturing routine care, using natural language processing-based text mining algorithms.
main outcome measuresTrajectories of AMD-D and AMD-W scores in the Eye ACT cohort and relationship with age and the onset of the first anti-VEGF treatment.
resultsIn the Eye ACT cohort, AMD-D and AMD-W scores showed a moderately positive correlation (Pearson 0.702, 95% confidence interval, 0.699-0.704). In 4412 eyes from 2248 participants in Eye ACT, which never received anti-VEGF, AMD-D scores increased slightly before the age of 80 years, followed by a steeper increase through the age of 90 years. In 220 eyes of 171 Eye ACT participants, which received anti-VEGF, most showed a pattern of gradually increasing AMD-W scores in the weeks or months before the anti-VEGF treatment.
conclusionsThe CFA-based scoring system enabled detailed assessments of both non-exudative and exudative severity using features collected in a routine clinical setting with ubiquitous missing data, in which standard AREDS scoring is not possible. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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