Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40311375›Full record

ArticleClinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)2025

Assessing pediatric visual acuity with a computerized optokinetic nystagmus analyzer.

Boyang Zhu, Min Yang, Xiaonan Liu, Bin Yuan, Yuqian Yin, Che Cheng, Faisal Ul Rehman

Abstract readComparative StudyEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Predicting Letter Acuity Using Vernier-Induced OKN and Consumer-Grade Cameras.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Boyang ZhuSchool of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.
Min YangCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Shibei District, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Xiaonan LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Bin YuanDepartment of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Yuqian YinDepartment of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Che ChengDepartment of Management and Marketing, University of Petroleum Huadong, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Faisal Ul RehmanPrecision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Research and Development, Pengfengcheng Medical Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China. Electronic address: faisal@qdu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate the practicality, accuracy, and consistency of a computer-based Optokinetic Nystagmus (OKN) analyzer for vision diagnosis in preschoolers.

designA comparative study evaluating the performance of a computerized OKN analyzer against the traditional E-word visual acuity chart in assessing visual acuity in preschool children.

participantsA total of 138 children aged 2 to 6 years were enrolled in the study, divided into five age groups: 2 years (29 children), 3 years (27 children), 4 years (28 children), 5 years (28 children), and 6 years (26 children).

methodsVisual acuity was tested using both the nystagmus meter and the E-word visual acuity chart. Statistical analyses, including correlation coefficient calculation and chi-square tests, were conducted to evaluate the testability and consistency of the methods.

resultsOut of 138 participants, 125 (90.6 %) successfully completed the test using the computerized OKN analyzer. There was no significant difference in the measurability across different age groups. The testability of the E-word visual acuity chart was significantly lower at 71.0 %. A strong correlation (R = 0.872) was found between the results from the nystagmus meter and the E-word visual acuity chart, indicating high consistency between the two methods.

conclusionThe computerized OKN analyzer is a reliable, accurate, and practical tool for assessing visual acuity in preschoolers. It offers a non-invasive alternative to traditional methods, with high testability and strong correlation with standard visual acuity tests, making it a valuable tool for early detection of vision impairments in young children.

Indexed as

Diagnosis, Computer-AssistedNystagmus, OptokineticVision TestsVisual AcuityChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleReproducibility of ResultsArtificial intelligenceChildrenComputerized optokinetic nystagmusOphthalmologyVisual acuity

Identifiers

PMID40311375
PMCPMC12083985

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.