Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40311096›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2025

Transgender Women in India: A Syndemic and Intersectional Framework Addressing HIV Care Gaps.

William Lodge, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, Madina Agénor, Vivek R Anand, Don Operario, Matthew J Mimiaga, Katie B Biello

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

William LodgeWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.ORCID 0000-0001-7058-2710
Shruta RawatWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
Alpana DangeWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
Madina AgénorWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
Vivek R AnandWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
Don OperarioWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
Matthew J MimiagaWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.
Katie B BielloWilliam W. Lodge II is with the Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. At the time of this study, Shruta Rawat, Alpana Dange, and Vivek R. Anand were with The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Madina Agénor is with the Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. Don Operario is with the Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA. Matthew J. Mimiaga is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles. Katie B. Biello is with the Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.ORCID 0000-0002-5017-5699

Funding

Co-occurring factors that heighten transgender women's vulnerability to suboptimal ART adherence in IndiaR36DA056284 · NIDA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI LODGE, WILLIAM · 2022 to 2023
$107k
NIDA NIH HHS R36 DA056284
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of HIV among transgender women (TGW) in India is disproportionately high, estimated at 4% to 8% in comparison with the national average of 0.2%. Despite free antiretroviral therapy (ART) provided by the government, TGW encounter multilevel barriers-including stigma, poverty, and lack of gender-affirming care-that hinder HIV care access and retention. Existing behavioral frameworks fail to address the compounded effects of systemic oppression on the health of TGW with HIV in India. We present a conceptual framework integrating syndemic theory and intersectionality to examine structural and syndemic factors shaping HIV care barriers. Informed by key informants-including TGW with HIV, community leaders, health providers, and Indian researchers-the framework highlights how systemic marginalization, particularly through discriminatory policies, shapes social position and exacerbates inequities in HIV care outcomes. It also underscores the role of community mobilization and collective action in overcoming these barriers. The framework provides a foundation for interventions tailored to the needs of TGW. By centering community-driven strategies and addressing structural inequities, it offers a pathway to improve HIV care engagement and health outcomes among TGW in India. (

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityHIV InfectionsSyndemicTransgender PersonsFemaleHumansIndiaMaleSocial Stigma

Identifiers

PMID40311096
PMCPMC12243655

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.