Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40310423›Full record

ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Neurophysiological Examination for the Diagnosis of Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Literature Review.

Loredana Raciti, Martina Ferrillo, Antonio Ammendolia, Gianfranco Raciti, Claudio Curci, Dario Calafiore, Maria Pia Onesta, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Umile Giuseppe Longo, Alessandro de Sire

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Loredana RacitiUnità Spinale Unipolare, Azienda Ospedaliera per le Emergenze Cannizzaro, 98102 Catania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0564-2320
Martina FerrilloDentistry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1878-4694
Antonio AmmendoliaPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2828-2455
Gianfranco RacitiPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Claudio CurciPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Dario CalafiorePhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9221-2497
Maria Pia OnestaUnità Spinale Unipolare, Azienda Ospedaliera per le Emergenze Cannizzaro, 98102 Catania, Italy.
Rocco Salvatore CalabròIRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8566-3166
Umile Giuseppe LongoFondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4063-9821
Alessandro de SirePhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5541-8346

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a cluster of musculoskeletal conditions that involve the overall structures of jaw movements, including the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles, and the surrounding structures. The etiology of TMD-related pain may be either central or peripheral, and differential diagnoses with other orofacial conditions are commonly required. Central pain etiology is associated with altered brain function linked to sensitization of pain-producing centers, whereas peripheral etiology of TMD is considered multifactorial, with some predisposing factors. Differentiating between neurological conditions and TMD requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation, as overlapping symptoms can complicate the diagnostic process. The aim of this review was to summarize the current literature about the role of neurophysiological examination in the management of orofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders to provide clear data that could be useful for clinical practice and for future clinical studies in this field.

Indexed as

neurophysiologysurface electromyographytemporomandibular disorderstrigeminal nociceptive system

Identifiers

PMID40310423
PMCPMC12026286

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.