ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Baseline comorbidity of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Multimorbidity Burden and Phenotype Differentially Influence Cardiovascular and Renal Risk in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiorenal medicine · 2026Article
- Renal Replacement Therapy in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Challenges for Dialytic Therapies and Kidney Transplantation.Cardiorenal medicine · 2026Review
- Using the American heart association's new 'cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome' metrics to assess life expectancy in us adults: A life table analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Our study aims to analyze the relationship between different stage of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients and the risk of progression to all-caused mortality or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods and results: A retrospective cohort study was performed by collecting baseline data of CKD patients. All participants were followed throughout the course of the study. Cox proportional hazards analysis and Fine-Gray subdistribution model was performed to analyze the prognostic value of different CKM stages on the risk of adverse clinical outcomes (all-caused mortality or progression to ESRD) of these patients. 1,358 patients finally completed the follow-up. Among them, 1,233 patients were alive, and 125 patients had died; and 163 patients progressed to ESRD. Baseline CKM stage 3 (OR=3.906, 95% CI=0.988-16.320, p=0.048) and stage 4 (OR=5.728, 95% CI=1.329-24.698, p=0.019) remain independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in CKD patients, while CKM stage 2b (OR=2.739, 95% CI=1.157-6.486, p=0.022) were identified as having an independent risk factor for progression to ESRD in CKD patients by adjusting confounding factors. Conclusion: Our research demonstrated that a high-risk CKM stage can predict adverse clinical outcomes in CKD patients, including all-cause mortality and progression to ESRD.
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