Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40309079›Full record

ArticleTransgender health2025

Clinicians Report Less Comfort in Provision of Medical Care to Nonbinary Transgender Youth.

Abby Walch, Janet Y Lee, Jenise C Wong, Madeline Deutsch, Diane Ehrensaft, Megumi Okumura, Stephen M Rosenthal

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Transgender health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Abby WalchDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Janet Y LeeDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-8843
Jenise C WongDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Madeline DeutschDepartment of Family Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.
Diane EhrensaftDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Megumi OkumuraDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Stephen M RosenthalDivision of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

DIABETES, ENDOCRINOLOGY &METABOLISM TRAINING PROGRAMT32DK007418 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI EDWARD C HSIAO · 1986 to 2026
$14.3M
Training Program in Pediatric EndocrinologyT32DK007161 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Brian J Feldman, STEPHEN E GITELMAN · 1986 to 2026
$6.2M
NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007161NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007418
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinician comfort differs in the provision of gender-affirming medical care to transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth with binary versus nonbinary gender identities. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to three international health professional electronic mailing lists. Comfort providing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) to nonbinary and binary TGD youth was assessed using 5-point Likert scales and analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Logistic regression modeling comfort providing GnRHa and GAHT to nonbinary compared to binary TGD youth was performed to identify relevant predictors. Results: Fifty-five respondents completed the survey. Respondents reported more comfort providing both GnRHa therapy and GAHT to binary compared to nonbinary TGD youth. In univariate analyses, being in a pediatric endocrinology specialty and work within a multidisciplinary clinic setting were associated with less comfort providing GAHT to nonbinary compared to binary TGD youth. Non-straight/non-heterosexual sexual orientation, being in a general pediatrics specialty, and higher estimated percentage of nonbinary TGD youth cared for in clinical practice were associated with more comfort. Only nonstraight/nonheterosexual sexual orientation maintained significance after adjusting for potential confounders in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Clinicians are less comfortable providing gender-affirming medical care to nonbinary versus binary TGD youth. Efforts to decrease barriers and to inform development of clinical practice guidelines inclusive of nonbinary TGD youth are needed.

Indexed as

gender-affirming medical caregender diversenonbinarypediatricstransgender

Identifiers

PMID40309079
PMCPMC12039878

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.