ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Temporal trends of particulate matter pollution and its health burden, 1990-2021, with projections to 2036: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Urban Waste Management, Air Quality, and Public Health: Assessing the Health Burden of Rapid Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Suppressive Functions of Veratramine on PMBiomolecules · 2026Article
- [Effects of particulate matter pollution on human skin].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Counterintuitive PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Trends and projections of PMFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- PM2.5 as a driver of human health disorders: insights from the regulated cell death pathways.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Global patterns and trends in ischemic stroke burden attributable to particulate matter pollution: changes from 1990 to 2021 and projections from 2022 to 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) is a leading global health risk factor. We analyzed the spatiotemporal trends of diseases attributable to PM2.5 at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, we assessed global, regional, and national deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to PM2.5, along with age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR), categorized by age, sex, year, location, and disease type. We used average annual percentage change (AAPC) to illustrate trends from 1990 to 2021. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the socio-demographic index (SDI) and age-standardized rates (ASRs) across 204 countries. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis was used to project trends for 2022-2036. Results: In 2021, PM2.5 exposure contributed to 7.83 million deaths and 231.51 million DALYs globally. The age-standardized rates decreased to 95.69 per 100,000 for deaths (AAPC = -2.12) and 2984.47 per 100,000 for DALYs (AAPC = -2.22), compared to 1990. Disease burdens related to PM2.5, as reflected by ASMR and ASDR, declined across SDI quintiles and GBD super regions from 1990 to 2021. The low SDI quintile had the highest disease burden (ASMR: 211.39, ASDR: 6,114.26). Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between ASRs and SDI. South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa experienced the highest disease burdens. Males had higher disease burdens than females globally and in all regions. The burden was particularly severe for children under five and older adults. Ischemic heart disease and stroke were the leading causes of PM2.5-related deaths and DALYs. Diabetes mellitus saw an increase in both deaths and DALYs. The BAPC model predicts continued declines in PM2.5-related ASDR and ASMR over the next 15 years. Conclusion: With population growth and an aging demographic, the public health burden associated with PM2.5 exposure remains a major concern. It is imperative to develop targeted and proactive strategies that account for the unique circumstances and challenges of different regions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.