Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40307237›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Closed-loop control of theta oscillations enhances human hippocampal network connectivity.

James E Kragel, Sarah M Lurie, Naoum P Issa, Hiba A Haider, Shasha Wu, James X Tao, Peter C Warnke, Stephan Schuele, Joshua M Rosenow, Christina Zelano and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Personalized, EEG-controlled intermittent theta burst stimulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

James E KragelDepartment of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. jkragel@uchicago.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-6203
Sarah M LurieInterdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Naoum P IssaDepartment of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Hiba A HaiderDepartment of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Shasha WuDepartment of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
James X TaoDepartment of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Peter C WarnkeDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Stephan SchueleDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Joshua M RosenowDepartment of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Christina ZelanoDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Mark SchatzaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
John F DisterhoftDepartment of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8817-7913
Alik S WidgeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8510-341X
Joel L VossDepartment of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Funding

Mechanisms of hippocampal network-targeted stimulation to rescue memory impairment due to Alzheimer's diseaseR01NS113804 · NINDS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI DISTERHOFT, JOHN F, VOSS, JOEL L · 2019 to 2023
$6.7M
Circuit Specific Electrical Brain StimulationR01MH119384 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI WIDGE, ALIK S. · 2019 to 2023
$2.4M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH119384NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS113804U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) R01-MH119384U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) R01-NS113804
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Theta oscillations are implicated in regulating information flow within cortico-hippocampal networks to support memory and cognition. However, causal evidence tying theta oscillations to network communication in humans is lacking. Here we report experimental findings using a closed-loop, phase-locking algorithm to apply direct electrical stimulation to neocortical nodes of the hippocampal network precisely timed to ongoing hippocampal theta rhythms in human neurosurgical patients. We show that repetitive stimulation of lateral temporal cortex synchronized to hippocampal theta increases hippocampal theta while it is delivered, suggesting theta entrainment of hippocampal neural activity. After stimulation, network connectivity is persistently increased relative to baseline, as indicated by theta-phase synchrony of hippocampus to neocortex and increased amplitudes of the hippocampal evoked response to isolated neocortical stimulation. These indicators of network connectivity are not affected by control stimulation delivered with approximately the same rhythm but without phase locking to hippocampal theta. These findings support the causal role of theta oscillations in routing neural signals across the hippocampal network and suggest phase-synchronized stimulation as a promising method to modulate theta- and hippocampal-dependent behaviors.

Indexed as

HippocampusNerve NetTheta RhythmAdultAlgorithmsElectric StimulationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeocortexTemporal LobeYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40307237
PMCPMC12043829

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.