ArticleBMJ case reports2025
Multidisciplinary approach and the Self-Training Educative Pain Sensation (STEPS) model for managing orofacial complex regional pain syndrome.
Article in BMJ case reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Orofacial complex regional pain syndrome (O-CRPS) presents a diagnostic challenge due to its overlap with other orofacial pain conditions. This case report highlights the value of a multidisciplinary approach in managing a patient with chronic and unexplained facial pain.This case report aims to illustrate: (1) the application of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing and managing O-CRPS within the Saudi healthcare system, and (2) the effectiveness of the Self-Training Educative Pain Sensation (STEPS) model in managing O-CRPS. CASE DESCRIPTION: A woman in her early 20s presented with left-sided facial pain and motor/autonomic symptoms following a facial injury. Extensive evaluations by various specialists excluded underlying structural pathology. A diagnosis of O-CRPS was established based on Budapest criteria. The STEPS model was implemented for treatment.
interventionThe STEPS model, a four-component intervention (pain education, graded motor imagery, sensory exposure, facial muscle exercises), aimed to reduce allodynia, normalise motor control and restore important functional activities. OUTCOMES: Initial pain medications were ineffective. The STEPS model intervention significantly improved pain, function and overall quality of life.This case report emphasises the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing O-CRPS and the potential benefits of the STEPS model in managing this complex condition.
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