ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2025
Cumulative Human Health Risk Assessment of Regional Ozone and Volatile Organic Compounds from Unconventional Oil and Gas Sites in Colorado's Front Range.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMost unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction in Colorado occurs within the Denver Metro/North Front Range (DMNFR) ozone Nonattainment Area (NAA). Previous UOG human health risk assessments do not consider cumulative risk from both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and criteria air pollutants like ozone.
methodsWe conducted a cumulative human health risk assessment (CHHRA) using regulatory-grade 1- and 8-h ozone measurements from a DMNFR US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) monitoring station and weekly and short-term (15 s-1 min) VOC air quality monitoring data collected between 2018-2023 from 10 near-pad air monitoring sites, three community sites, and one background site. Acute and chronic noncancer hazard indices (HIs) for multiple health end points, as well as cancer risks, were calculated during well drilling, well completions, and production activity periods and compared between sites. VOC concentrations were compared between operations that used a petroleum-based drilling fluid vs. a synthetic drill fluid. Differences in weekly chemical concentrations between sites, UOG phases, and drill muds were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment.
resultsAcute HIs of VOCs and ozone ranged from
conclusionsOur results suggest that for communities located near UOG well pads in the DMNFR ozone NAA, acute health risks persist after the implementation of best management practices to reduce emissions. Greater protection to public health could be afforded by establishing policies that require drilling and well completions to be conducted outside the summer ozone season. Further research is needed to address potential health risks from the use of synthetic drilling fluid. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16272.
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