Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40304957›Full record

ArticleClinical rheumatology2025

Low-dose IL-2 restores Tfh/Tfr imbalance and modulates B cell subset distribution in the pre-arthritis phase of the collagen-induced arthritis model.

Rui Su, Hui Wang, Baochen Li, Ruihe Wu, Yuhuan Xie, Xiaoyu Zi, Chunxue Fan, Chong Gao, Xiaofeng Li, Caihong Wang

Abstract read
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Article in Clinical rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rui SuDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Hui WangDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Baochen LiDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Ruihe WuDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Yuhuan XieDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Xiaoyu ZiDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Chunxue FanDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Chong GaoBrigham and Women's Hospital/Children's Hospital Boston, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Pathology Boston, Boston, USA.
Xiaofeng LiDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Caihong WangDepartment of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China. snwch@sina.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-7946

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study is aimed at investigating the characteristics of RA patients at different stages and at evaluating the potential application of low-dose interleukin-2 (ld-IL-2) during the preclinical stage.

methodsPatients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA), early RA (Ea-RA), new-onset RA (New-RA), and recurrent RA (Re-RA) were included. Clinical data and laboratory parameters were collected from all participants. A comparative analysis of arthritis-related clinical features and serum levels of IL-2 and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was conducted. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice received ld-IL-2 on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 after primary immunisation for 4 weeks. The percentages of Treg, Tfr, Tfh, and PD-1

resultsUA patients primarily exhibited early involvement of large joints. The sIL-2R level in UA patients was significantly lower than in those with Ea-RA, New-RA, and Re-RA and was comparable to levels in healthy controls. ld-IL-2 administration at different time points in the CIA model exerted varying effects on arthritis severity. Prophylactic ld-IL-2 administration reduced arthritis severity and incidence in CIA; it decreased the percentage of PD-1

conclusionThese findings indicate that elevated sIL-2R levels in UA patients may predict progression to Ea-RA. Furthermore, ld-IL-2 restores immune tolerance by rebalancing Tfh/Tfr populations, highlighting its potential as a novel immunoregulatory strategy during the preclinical phase of RA. Key Points • Prophylactic low-dose IL-2 intervention reduces the severity and incidence of arthritis in the CIA model. • Low-dose IL-2 decreases the percentage of PD-1

Indexed as

Arthritis, ExperimentalArthritis, RheumatoidInterleukin-2T Follicular Helper CellsAdultAgedAnimalsCell DifferentiationDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred DBAMiddle AgedReceptors, Interleukin-2Interleukin-2Receptors, Interleukin-2Follicular T cellsLow-dose IL-2Rheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID40304957

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.