Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40304452›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental microbiology reports2025

Halophilic and Non-Halophilic Microbial Communities in Relation to Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Salt Mine Air.

Aleksandra Puławska, Jolanta Kalinowska, Michalina Rachubik, Dominika Drzewiecka, Luciana Albuquerque, Conceiçao Egas, Krzysztof Krawczyk, Maciej Manecki, Camille Locht, Magdalena Kowalewicz-Kulbat

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental microbiology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aleksandra PuławskaDepartment of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland.
Jolanta KalinowskaDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Michalina RachubikDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Dominika DrzewieckaDepartment of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Luciana AlbuquerqueCNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.
Conceiçao EgasCNC-UC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.
Krzysztof KrawczykDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Maciej ManeckiDepartment of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland.
Camille LochtDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Magdalena Kowalewicz-KulbatDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4447-0859

Funding

European Regional Development Fund COMPETE 2020FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology LA/P/0058/2020FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology UIDB/04539/2020FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology UIDP/04539/2020Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej BPN/ULM/2023/1/00090/U/00001National Science Centre, Poland 2021/41/N/ST10/02751
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salt mines are often used for halotherapy against lung and skin diseases. In addition to salt, they also contain various types of microorganisms, which remain poorly characterised. Here, we examined culturable halophilic and non-halophilic microbial populations in relation to the physico-chemical characteristics in the air of four different sites of the Bochnia Salt Mine, a popular halotherapy resort in Southern Poland. At the mine entrance, the temperature was highest (20.8°C) and decreased with increasing distance from the entrance (15.5°C at 2671 m from entrance), while humidity increased from 55.9% to 77.0%, as did the NaCl concentration. At the entrance, non-halophilic microorganisms prevailed, especially fungi that grew at 21°C. Halophiles gradually dominated with distance from the entrance, including halophilic archaea that grew at 28°C or 37°C on medium containing 15%, 20%, or 25% NaCl. Seven halophilic archaeal species were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The frequency of non-halophiles was inversely related to distance from the entrance, humidity, and presence of ions, while the reverse was seen for halophiles. An exception was the site used for halotherapy, where non-halophilic bacteria dominated. Thus, natural salt mines contain a wide variety of non-halophilic and halophilic microorganisms, including archaea, which may contribute to the halotherapeutic effects.

Indexed as

Air MicrobiologyArchaeaBacteriaFungiMicrobiotaMiningSodium ChlorideHumidityPhylogenyPolandRNA, Ribosomal, 16STemperatureRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSodium Chloride

Identifiers

PMID40304452
PMCPMC12042213

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.