ArticleClinical and experimental hepatology2025
The GALAD score performs better than AFP in hepatocellular carcinoma screening: a single-centre, case-control study in Malaysia.
Article in Clinical and experimental hepatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Over Three Decades: from Screening Evolution to Integrated Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of cancer prevention · 2026Review
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Aim of the study: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Malaysia is a growing health concern, despite regular liver ultrasound and α-fetoprotein (AFP) surveillance. The GALAD model incorporates AFP, lens culinaris agglutinin- reactive α-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), protein induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), gender and age to predict the probability of HCC. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic ability of GALAD compared to AFP in HCC screening. Material and methods: A single-centre, case control study recruited newly diagnosed HCC and cirrhotic patients. Serum biomarkers were quantified using a microfluidic-based automated immunoanalyzer. The diagnostic ability of AFP, AFP-L3, PIVKA-II and GALAD was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and corresponding area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results: Among the 44 HCC cases, GALAD score achieved the highest AUC value of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-0.98, Conclusions: GALAD outperformed conventional biomarkers, facilitating early detection, improved treatment options and ultimately a higher survival rate for HCC patients.
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