ReviewInternational journal of medical sciences2025
Bacterial exotoxins in medicine: potential value and perspectives.
Review in International journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Engineered cell-biomimetic nanosystems for anti-inflammatory therapy: Targeting, neutralization and immunomodulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The Battle Against Pertussis: Discovery of Endogenous Human Proteins and Peptides as Toxin-Inhibitors.Toxins · 2026Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial exotoxins are protein- or peptide-based substances secreted by bacteria with high toxicity and specificity. They have diverse mechanisms of action on host cells, leading to host injury by destroying the cellular structure or interfering with physiological functions. With the continuous progress in biotechnology, bacterial exotoxins have broad application prospects in immunotherapy, vaccine development, drug design, and other fields. Appropriate modification of exotoxins can lead to the preparation of highly efficient immune agents and targeted drugs, which brings new hope for overcoming difficult diseases. This study provides a comprehensive and in-depth introduction to the application of bacterial exotoxins in the field of medicine and further explores the potential value of bacterial exotoxins, which is expected to make greater contributions to human health in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.