ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2024
Continuous Introduction of H5 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Hokkaido, Japan: Characterization of Viruses Isolated in Winter 2022-2023 and Early Winter 2023-2024.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed.
- On the brink of emergence: an evolutionary approach to Influenza A virus H5N1 isolated from humans.Virus research · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Limitations of an Improved Vaccine Derived from an Updated Vaccine Strain Against H5 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza.Vaccines · 2026Article
- The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020-2023.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Characterization of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b isolated from Ezo red fox in Japan in a mouse model.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Introduction and inter-species transmission dynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 viruses in Japan 2021-25.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated in Hokkaido, Japan, During Winter 2024-2025.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Deglycosylation and truncation in the neuraminidase stalk are functionally equivalent in enhancing the pathogenicity of a high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in chickens.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus isolated from poultry in South Korea, 2022-2023.Virus research · 2025Article
- Detection and characterisation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (H5N1/H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b, Hong Kong SAR, China, 2021 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Seals, Russia, 2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cocirculation of Genetically Distinct Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N5 and H5N1 Viruses in Crows, Hokkaido, Japan.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity of H5N1 and H5N2 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Japan during the winter of 2022-2023.Virus research · 2024Article
- The Novel 2.3.4.4b H5N6 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Wild Birds in 2023 Posing a Potential Risk to Human Health.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
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17 authors.
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Abstract
High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) has impacted poultry and wild birds globally. The number of H5 HPAI virus (HPAIV) infection cases in wild birds in Hokkaido (Northern Japan) was high in the last two seasons, contributing to virus spillover to resident birds and poultry. Therefore, H5 HPAIVs in birds and mammals in Hokkaido in winter 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 were monitored and viruses were phylogenetically, antigenically, and pathogenetically characterized. Thirty HPAIV isolates were subtyped and pathotyped by sequencing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene revealed that all isolated HPAIVs were categorized into clade 2.3.4.4b and divided into three groups (G2b, G2c, and G2d). Most isolates belonging to subgroup G2d clustered with isolates in winter 2021-2022 in Hokkaido. The other isolates were categorized into two subgroups, G2b and G2c, mainly composed of isolates in Honshu Island in winter 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, respectively. Two H5 HPAIVs isolated in Eastern Russia in spring and autumn 2022 were genetically close to most Hokkaido isolates (G2d), and a virus isolated in Hokkaido in November 2023 was also grouped in subgroup G2d. Further analysis of all eight gene segments identified six types of gene constellations. Cross-hemagglutination inhibition test indicated that the antigenicity of H5 HPAIVs isolated in the last several seasons was similar within them but slightly different from that in the 2010s. Three chicken breeds were intranasally challenged with four representative isolates to assess their pathogenicity. All chickens except one broiler chicken were dead until 5-day postchallenge with different pathogenicity of these viruses. The pathogenicity of one HPAIV strain was significantly lower in broiler chickens than in layer chickens. The mixture of multiple characteristics of HPAIVs in Hokkaido was confirmed by bird migration routes. Thus, many HPAIVs can be brought and scattered anywhere on Earth.
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