ReviewTransboundary and emerging diseases2024
Novel Epidemiologic Features of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus A H5N1 2.3.3.4b Panzootic: A Review.
Review in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating high pathogenicity avian influenza virus incursions to remote islands: detection of H5N1 on Gough Island in the South Atlantic Ocean.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Emerged N193S mutation of PA-X protein disabled the immunity of mucosal dendritic cells for regulating virulence of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 subtype virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Between-species contagion drives HPAI transmission and mass mortality in seabirds.The Journal of animal ecology · 2026Article
- Evolving dynamics of H5Nx avian influenza in China revealed by long-term wild bird surveillance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rapid expansion of genotype D1.1 A(H5N1) influenza viruses in wild birds across North America during the 2024 migratory season.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated approaches to explore temporal-spatial changes in gene reassortment of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) virus in Eurasia, 2000-2023.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Partial culling and HPAI control in poultry: insights from Lower Saxony, Germany.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of baloxavir marboxil against high pathogenicity avian influenza virus infection in duck model.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- Impacts of infectious diseases on movement metrics in a large carnivore: Highly pathogenic avian influenza, leptospirosis, and pumas.iScience · 2025Article
- Microbiome-Immune Interaction and Harnessing for Next-Generation Vaccines Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Poultry.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Japan during 2022-2023 season identified by additive Bayesian network modeling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Avian influenza is one of the most devastating avian diseases. The current high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b epizootic began in the 2020-2021 season, and has caused a panzootic, considered one of the worst ever reported. The present panzootic has novel epidemiological features that represent a challenge for its prevention and control. This review examines key epidemiological changes of the disease such as seasonality, geographic spread, and host range. The seasonality of the virus has changed, and contrary to previous avian influenza epizootics, this subclade was able to persist during boreal summer. Its geographic range has expanded, with reports in all continents except Australia. During this epizootic, HPAIV H5N1 has broadened its host range, infecting hundreds of bird species, and causing the death of thousands of wild birds and over 300 million poultry. The number and diversity of mammal species infected by H5N1 2.3.4.4b is unprecedented. Although considered low, this strain's potential to spillover to humans should not be underestimated, especially considering the current extremely high viral circulation in animals and increasing adaptation to mammals. Overall, HPAI A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b represents an ongoing and growing threat to poultry, wildlife, and human health.
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